Factores de riesgo para la osteoartritis de manos en adultos mayores

Abstract

Este estudio evalúa de manera multifactorial los factores de riesgo de osteoartritis de manos (OAM) en adultos mayores. Objetivo: reconocer qué factores de riesgo están relacionados a la OAM y en qué medida algunos de estos factores son modificables. Población: adultos mayores, 60 años a más. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles con un tamaño de muestra de 124 casos y 124 controles. Los factores evaluados fueron: sexo, raza, menopausia prematura, índice de masa corporal (IMC), actividades u ocupaciones manuales que se consideran asociadas con mayor riesgo de OAM, antecedentes familiares de OAM, enfermedad arterioesclerótica, osteoporosis, osteoartritis en otras partes del cuerpo, dislipidemia, hiperlaxitud e hipermovilidad. Se usó encuestas individuales o la historia clínica de cada paciente. Resultados: Se obtuvo asociación significativa de OA de manos con las variables de antecedentes familiares (Pr = 0.005), osteoporosis (Pr = 0.038) y OA en otras áreas como cadera y rodillas (Pr = 0.010). Conclusiones: Se observa la asociación de OA de manos con antecedentes familiares, la presencia de OA en otras articulaciones y la presencia de osteoporosis, siendo el primero no modificable y los dos últimos considerados modificables. No se encontró factores protectores.

This study assesses the risk factors for osteoarthritis of the hands (OAM) in older adults in a multifactorial form. Objective: to recognize which risk factors are related to OAM and to what extent some of these factors are modifiable. Population: older adults, 60 years and over. Material and method: An analytical study of cases and controls was carried out with a sample size of 124 cases and 124 controls. The factors evaluated were: sex, race, premature menopause, body mass index (BMI), manual activities or occupations that are considered associated with an increased risk of OAM, family history of OAM, arteriosclerotic disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis in other parts of the body, dyslipidemia, hypermobility and hypermobility. Individual surveys or the clinical history of each patient were used. Results: A significant association of OA of the hands was obtained with the variables of family history (Pr = 0.005), osteoporosis (Pr = 0.038) and OA in other areas such as hips and knees (Pr = 0.010). Conclusions: The association of OA of hands with a family history, the presence of OA in other joints and the presence of osteoporosis is observed, the first being non-modifiable and the last two considered modifiable. No protective factors were found.