Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la mortalidad cardiovascular durante el periodo 2017-2021 en el Perú

Abstract

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto considerable en la morbimortalidad, afectando principalmente a personas con comorbilidades cardiovasculares. Este estudio busca determinar el impacto de la pandemia en la mortalidad cardiovascular en Perú, una información aún desconocida en este contexto. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la mortalidad cardiovascular en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y de serie de casos, basado en datos de defunciones del SINADEF (2017-2021). Se compararon los periodos previos a la pandemia (2017-2019) y durante la pandemia (2020-2021). Se definió la mortalidad cardiovascular como fallecimientos por síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), arritmia ventricular (AV), accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), shock cardiogénico (SC), embolismo pulmonar (EP), trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y enfermedad aórtica (EA). Resultados: Se registraron 761,153 defunciones, de las cuales 16.18% (n=123,148) correspondieron a causas cardiovasculares. Se observó un aumento de la mortalidad cardiovascular, pasando de 12.62% en 2019 a 18.82% en 2020 y 18.09% en 2021, con un exceso total del 5.70%. Las causas cardiovasculares asociadas a la infección por COVID-19 fueron SCA [RP: 1,24, IC (1,22-1,26)], IC [RP: 1,58(1,56-1,61)], AV [RP: 1,71 IC (1,58-1,85)], SC [RP: 2,03 IC (1,98-2,08)], y TEP [RP: 1,97 IC (1,90-2,04)]. Por otro lado, en ACV, TVP y EA no se observaron cambios importantes. Conclusiones: Se evidenció un incremento en la mortalidad cardiovascular durante la pandemia en Perú.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on morbimortality, mainly affecting people with cardiovascular comorbidities. This study seeks to determine the impact of the pandemic on cardiovascular mortality in Peru, information that is still unknown in this context. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular mortality in Peru. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, case series study, based on death data from SINADEF (2017-2021). The periods before the pandemic (2017-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021) were compared. Cardiovascular mortality was defined as deaths due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF), ventricular arrhythmia (VA), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cardiogenic shock (CS), pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and aortic disease (AD). Results: A total of 761,153 deaths were recorded, of which 16.18% (n=123,148) corresponded to cardiovascular causes. An increase in cardiovascular mortality was observed, from 12.62% in 2019 to 18.82% in 2020 and 18.09% in 2021, with a total excess of 5.70%. The causes most associated with COVID-19 infection were ACS [PR: 1.24 IC(1,22-1,26)], HF [PR: 1.58 IC(1,56-1,61)], VA [PR: 1.71 IC(1,58-1,85)], CS [PR: 2.03 IC(1,98-2,08)], and PE [PR: 1.97 IC(1,90-2,04)]. On the other hand, no important changes were observed in CVA, DVT, and AD. Conclusions: There was evidence of an increase in cardiovascular mortality during the pandemic in Peru.