Dinámica de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos más utilizados en la avicultura, en aislados de Salmonella spp. y Escherichia coli de un laboratorio en Lima - Perú entre los años 2018 y 2024.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the most commonly used antimicrobials in poultry production, based on Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolates obtained from a diagnostic laboratory in Lima, Peru, during the period 2018–2024. A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted using records from poultry samples. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using the disk diffusion method. Frequencies of resistance to at least one antimicrobial and multidrug resistance (MDR) were calculated by year, region, and production type. Temporal variations were assessed using logistic regression models, with a significance level of p < 0.05. A total of 1,996 records were analyzed, of which 89.9% (1,795) corresponded to E. coli and 10.1% (201) to Salmonella spp. In E. coli, 98.9% (1,776) of isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and 77.1% (1,384) showing MDR. Significant temporal variations in resistance frequency were identified in 2020 compared to 2018, as well as significant differences in MDR across most of the years evaluated. In Salmonella spp., 81.1% (163) of isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial and 47.8% (96) were MDR, with significant temporal variations. The antimicrobials with the highest resistance frequencies were amoxicillin, chlortetracycline, and ceftiofur. Spatial distribution showed a higher concentration of isolates in the Lima region. Overall, the findings demonstrate a high frequency and temporal persistence of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance, highlighting the need to strengthen continuous monitoring in the national poultry sector.

The objective of this study was to describe the dynamics of antimicrobial resistancein the most commonly used antimicrobials in poultry production, based on Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolates obtained from a diagnostic laboratoryin Lima, Peru, during the period 2018–2024. A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted using records from poultry samples. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using the disk diffusion method. Frequencies of resistance to at least one antimicrobial and multidrug resistance (MDR) were calculated by year, region,and production type. Temporal variations were assessed using logistic regression models, with a significance level of p < 0.05. A total of 1,996 records were analyzed, of which 89.9% (1,795) corresponded to E. coli and 10.1% (201) to Salmonella spp. In E. coli, 98.9% (1,776) of isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and 77.1% (1,384) showing MDR. Significant temporal variations in resistance frequency were identified in 2020 compared to 2018, as well as significant differences in MDR across most of the years evaluated. In Salmonellaspp., 81.1% (163) of isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial and47.8% (96) were MDR, with significant temporal variations. The antimicrobials with the highest resistance frequencies were amoxicillin, chlortetracycline, and ceftiofur. Spatial distribution showed a higher concentration of isolates in the Lima region. Overall, the findings demonstrate a high frequency and temporal persistence of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance, highlighting the need to strengthen continuous monitoring in the national poultry sector.