Distribución espacial y temporal de los accidentes por mordedura de canes en el Perú, durante el periodo 2010-2022

Abstract

El objetivo del estudio fue describir la distribución espacial y temporal de los casos de accidentes por mordedura de canes en el territorio peruano en el periodo 2010-2022. Para ello se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo basado en el análisis de una base de datos proporcionada por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA). Un total de 661,514 casos fueron registrados. Los años que presentaron la mayor cantidad de casos fueron 2018, 2022 y 2019, que correspondió con el 9.8%, 9.6% y 9.2% del total reportado en el periodo de estudio. El 31.3% (207,349) de casos de accidentes por mordedura canina pertenecieron al departamento del Lima, mientras que Arequipa y Junín representaron el 9.2% (60,699) y el 6% (39,549), respectivamente. El 9.5% de casos (62,609) y el 9.3% (61,849) se registraron en los meses de enero y febrero. Se concluye que los accidentes por mordedura canina son un problema latente de nuestro territorio nacional, que generan un impacto negativo sobre la salud pública. Las autoridades de salud, sobre todo en territorios endémicos para rabia urbana, deben desarrollar e implementar planes de prevención que minimicen los accidentes por mordedura.

The purpose of this study was to distribute spatially and temporally the cases of dog bite accidents in the Peruvian territory throughout the period 2010-2022. To achieve this purpose, a descriptive observational study was designed based on the analysis of a database provided by the MINSA, which compiled all dog bite accidents that occurred in the departments of Peru during the period 2010-2022. 661,514 cases were registered during the period 2010-2022. The years that presented the highest number of cases were 2018, 2022 and 2019, which corresponded to the 9.8%, 9.6% and 0.2% of the total number of cases reported throughout the period of study. 31.3% (207,349) of all the accidents occurred in the department of Lima, while Arequipa and Junín represented 9.2% (60,699) and 6% (39,549), respectively. 9.5% of cases (62,609) and 9.3% (61,849) occurred in the hot summer months of January and February. The occurrence rate of dog bite accidents during the period of study was 0.16%. It can be concluded that dog bite accidents are a latent problem in our national territory, that generate a negative impact upon public health. Thus, health authorities, especially in territories endemic for urban rabies, must develop and implement prevention plans that minimize bite accidents.