Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 in the general population and health-care workers: prevalence, relationship, and explicative model in Peru
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| dc.contributor.author | Villarreal-Zegarra, David | |
| dc.contributor.author | Copez-Lonzoy, A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Vilela-Estrada, A.L. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Huarcaya-Victoria, J. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-12-12T20:24:53Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-12-12T20:24:53Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/10197 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Background: This study has two aims. First, determine the fit of the fear model to COVID-19, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress in the general population and health-care workers. Second, determine which model best explains the relationship between depression and the triad of fear, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress in both groups. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires for anxiety, fear of COVID-19, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Information was collected from adults living in Lima, the capital and the most populous city in Peru. The explanatory models were evaluated using a structural equation model. Results: A total of 830 participants were included, including general population (n = 640) and health-care workers (n = 190). A high overall prevalence of depressive symptoms (16%), anxiety (11.7%), and post-traumatic stress (14.9%) were identified. A higher prevalence of depressive, anxious, or stress symptoms was identified in the general population (28.6%) compared to health-care workers (17.9%). The triad model of fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and stress presented adequate goodness-of-fit indices for both groups. A model was identified that manages to explain depressive symptoms in more than 70% of the general population and health-care workers, based on the variables of the triad (CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.06). In the general population post-traumatic stress mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression (β = 0.12; 95%CI = 0.06 to 0.18) which was significant, but the indirect effect of post-traumatic stress was not significant in health care workers (β = 0.03; 95%CI = − 0.11 to 0.19). Limitations: The prevalence estimates relied on self-reported information. Other variables of interest, such as intolerance to uncertainty or income level, could not be evaluated. Conclusions: Our study proposes and tests one model that explains more than 70% of depressive symptoms. This explanatory model can be used in health contexts and populations to determine how emotional factors can affect depressive symptoms | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.publisher | BioMed Central | |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | BMC Psychiatry | |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es | |
| dc.subject | adult | en_US |
| dc.subject | Adult | en_US |
| dc.subject | anxiety | en_US |
| dc.subject | Anxiety | en_US |
| dc.subject | COVID-19 | en_US |
| dc.subject | Cross-Sectional Studies | en_US |
| dc.subject | cross-sectional study | en_US |
| dc.subject | depression | en_US |
| dc.subject | Depression | en_US |
| dc.subject | fear | en_US |
| dc.subject | Fear | en_US |
| dc.subject | Fear of COVID-19 | en_US |
| dc.subject | human | en_US |
| dc.subject | Humans | en_US |
| dc.subject | Peru | en_US |
| dc.subject | Post-traumatic stress | en_US |
| dc.subject | posttraumatic stress disorder | en_US |
| dc.subject | prevalence | en_US |
| dc.subject | Prevalence | en_US |
| dc.subject | SARS-CoV-2 | en_US |
| dc.subject | Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | en_US |
| dc.title | Depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 in the general population and health-care workers: prevalence, relationship, and explicative model in Peru | en_US |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03456-z | |
| dc.relation.issn | 1471-244X |
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