Whole Genome Analysis of Leptospira licerasiae Provides Insight into Leptospiral Evolution and Pathogenicity

Vinetz, Joseph Michael; Torres, M.; Patra, K.P.; Ricaldi, J.N.; Fouts, D.E.; Webster, N.J.; Selengut, J.D.; Harkins, D.M.; Moreno, A.; Purushe, J.; Matthias, M.A.; Lehmann, J.S.; Sanka, R.

dc.contributor.author	Ricaldi, J.N.
dc.contributor.author	Fouts, D.E.
dc.contributor.author	Selengut, J.D.
dc.contributor.author	Harkins, D.M.
dc.contributor.author	Patra, K.P.
dc.contributor.author	Moreno, A.
dc.contributor.author	Lehmann, J.S.
dc.contributor.author	Purushe, J.
dc.contributor.author	Sanka, R.
dc.contributor.author	Torres, M.
dc.contributor.author	Webster, N.J.
dc.contributor.author	Vinetz, Joseph Michael
dc.contributor.author	Matthias, M.A.
dc.date.accessioned	2022-01-18T19:34:38Z
dc.date.available	2022-01-18T19:34:38Z
dc.date.issued	2012
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/11082
dc.description.abstract	The whole genome analysis of two strains of the first intermediately pathogenic leptospiral species to be sequenced (Leptospira licerasiae strains VAR010 and MMD0835) provides insight into their pathogenic potential and deepens our understanding of leptospiral evolution. Comparative analysis of eight leptospiral genomes shows the existence of a core leptospiral genome comprising 1547 genes and 452 conserved genes restricted to infectious species (including L. licerasiae) that are likely to be pathogenicity-related. Comparisons of the functional content of the genomes suggests that L. licerasiae retains several proteins related to nitrogen, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism which might help to explain why these Leptospira grow well in artificial media compared with pathogenic species. L. licerasiae strains VAR010T and MMD0835 possess two prophage elements. While one element is circular and shares homology with LE1 of L. biflexa, the second is cryptic and homologous to a previously identified but unnamed region in L. interrogans serovars Copenhageni and Lai. We also report a unique O-antigen locus in L. licerasiae comprised of a 6-gene cluster that is unexpectedly short compared with L. interrogans in which analogous regions may include >90 such genes. Sequence homology searches suggest that these genes were acquired by lateral gene transfer (LGT). Furthermore, seven putative genomic islands ranging in size from 5 to 36 kb are present also suggestive of antecedent LGT. How Leptospira become naturally competent remains to be determined, but considering the phylogenetic origins of the genes comprising the O-antigen cluster and other putative laterally transferred genes, L. licerasiae must be able to exchange genetic material with non-invasive environmental bacteria. The data presented here demonstrate that L. licerasiae is genetically more closely related to pathogenic than to saprophytic Leptospira and provide insight into the genomic bases for its infectiousness and its unique antigenic characteristics.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	Public Library of Science
dc.relation.ispartofseries	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject	Humans	en_US
dc.subject	non polymerase chain reaction	en_US
dc.subject	Molecular Sequence Data	en_US
dc.subject	gene sequence	en_US
dc.subject	Sequence Analysis, DNA	en_US
dc.subject	Evolution, Molecular	en_US
dc.subject	DNA, Bacterial	en_US
dc.subject	sequence homology	en_US
dc.subject	gene locus	en_US
dc.subject	Virulence Factors	en_US
dc.subject	amino acid sequence	en_US
dc.subject	genome analysis	en_US
dc.subject	genetic recombination	en_US
dc.subject	Leptospira	en_US
dc.subject	bacterial virulence	en_US
dc.subject	molecular evolution	en_US
dc.subject	antigen structure	en_US
dc.subject	bacterial genome	en_US
dc.subject	bacterium lipopolysaccharide	en_US
dc.subject	mass fragmentography	en_US
dc.subject	O antigen	en_US
dc.subject	Genome, Bacterial	en_US
dc.subject	antitoxin	en_US
dc.subject	cobalamin	en_US
dc.subject	gene regulatory network	en_US
dc.subject	Gene Transfer, Horizontal	en_US
dc.subject	Genomic Islands	en_US
dc.subject	Leptospira licerasiae	en_US
dc.subject	Multigene Family	en_US
dc.subject	Prophages	en_US
dc.subject	riboswitch	en_US
dc.subject	saprotroph	en_US
dc.title	Whole Genome Analysis of Leptospira licerasiae Provides Insight into Leptospiral Evolution and Pathogenicity	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001853
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn	1935-2735

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Whole Genome Analysis of Leptospira licerasiae Provides Insight into Leptospiral Evolution and Pathogenicity

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