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Relative contribution of low-density and asymptomatic infections to Plasmodium vivax transmission in the Amazon: pooled analysis of individual participant data from population-based cross-sectional surveys

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dc.contributor.author Ferreira, Marcelo U.
dc.contributor.author Corder, Rodrigo M.
dc.contributor.author Johansen, Igor C.
dc.contributor.author Kattenberg, Johanna H.
dc.contributor.author Moreno, Marta
dc.contributor.author Rosas-Aguirre, Angel
dc.contributor.author Ladeia-Andrade, Simone
dc.contributor.author Conn, Jan E.
dc.contributor.author Llanos Cuentas, Elmer Alejandro
dc.contributor.author Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia Baziliza
dc.contributor.author Rosanas-Urgell, Anna
dc.contributor.author Vinetz, Joseph Michael
dc.date.accessioned 2022-04-26T17:26:49Z
dc.date.available 2022-04-26T17:26:49Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/11597
dc.description.abstract Background: Low-density and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections remain largely undetected and untreated and may contribute significantly to malaria transmission in the Amazon. Methods: We analysed individual participant data from population-based surveys that measured P vivax prevalence by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between 2002 and 2015 and modelled the relationship between parasite density and infectiousness to vectors using membrane feeding assay data. We estimated the proportion of sub-patent (i.e., missed by microscopy) and asymptomatic P vivax infections and examined how parasite density relates to clinical manifestations and mosquito infection in Amazonian settings. Findings: We pooled 24,986 observations from six sites in Brazil and Peru. P vivax was detected in 6·8% and 2·1% of them by PCR and microscopy, respectively. 58·5% to 92.6% of P vivax infections were asymptomatic and 61·2% to 96·3% were sub-patent across study sites. P vivax density thresholds associated with clinical symptoms were one order of magnitude higher in children than in adults. We estimate that sub-patent parasite carriers are minimally infectious and contribute 12·7% to 24·9% of the community-wide P vivax transmission, while asymptomatic carriers are the source of 28·2% to 79·2% of mosquito infections. Interpretation: Asymptomatic P vivax carriers constitute a vast infectious reservoir that, if targeted by malaria elimination strategies, could substantially reduce malaria transmission in the Amazon. Infected children may remain asymptomatic despite high parasite densities that elicit clinical manifestations in adults. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseries Lancet Regional Health. Americas
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Malaria en_US
dc.subject Amazon en_US
dc.subject Plasmodium Vivax en_US
dc.subject Asymptomatic Infections en_US
dc.subject Fever Threshold en_US
dc.subject Sub-patent Infections en_US
dc.title Relative contribution of low-density and asymptomatic infections to Plasmodium vivax transmission in the Amazon: pooled analysis of individual participant data from population-based cross-sectional surveys en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100169
dc.relation.issn 2667-193X


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