Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Association between informal employment and depressive symptoms in 11 urban cities in Latin America

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dc.contributor.author Huynh, Tran B.
dc.contributor.author Oddo, Vanessa M.
dc.contributor.author Trejo, Bricia
dc.contributor.author Moore, Kari
dc.contributor.author Quistberg, D.Alex
dc.contributor.author Kim, Jannie J.
dc.contributor.author Diez-Canseco Montero, Francisco
dc.contributor.author Vives, Alejandra
dc.date.accessioned 2022-06-25T20:36:41Z
dc.date.available 2022-06-25T20:36:41Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/11854
dc.description.abstract Background: Mental health is an important contributor to the global burden of disease, and depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Informal jobs, often characterized by precarious working conditions, low wages, and limited employment benefits, are also highly prevalent in LAC and may be associated with poorer mental health. Our study tests the association between informal employment and major depressive symptoms in LAC cities. Methods: We used individual-level data collected by the Development Bank of Latin America via their “Encuesta CAF” (ECAF) 2016, a cross-sectional household survey of 11 LAC cities (N = 5430). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale with possible total score ranging from 0 to 30. Scores were dichotomized, with a score >‾ 16 indicating the presence of major depressive symptoms. Informal employment was defined based on self-reported lack of contribution to the social security system. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) log-binomial models to estimate the association between informal employment and depressive symptoms overall and by gender. Models were adjusted for age, education, and household characteristics. Results: Overall, individuals employed in informal jobs had a 27% higher prevalence of major depressive symptoms (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.27; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.62) compared to those in formal jobs. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among individuals with informal jobs was higher compared to those with formal jobs in both women (PR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.74) and men (PR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.65). Conclusions: Informal employment in LAC was associated with a higher prevalence of major depressive symptoms. It is important to develop policies aiming at reducing informal jobs and increasing universal social protection for informal workers. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseries SSM - Population Health
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Informal employment en_US
dc.subject Depression en_US
dc.subject Mental health en_US
dc.subject Latin American and the Caribbean en_US
dc.title Association between informal employment and depressive symptoms in 11 urban cities in Latin America en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101101
dc.relation.issn 2352-8273


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