Malaria transmission structure in the Peruvian Amazon through antibody signatures to Plasmodium vivax

Vinetz, Joseph Michael; Mueller, I.; Rodriguez-Ferruci, H.; Garro, K.; White, M.T.; Carrasco Escobar, Gabriel; Rosado, J.; Llanos Cuentas, Elmer Alejandro; Nolasco, O.; Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia Baziliza; Guzman Guzman, Mitchel Anthony; Nekkab, N.

dc.contributor.author	Rosado, J.
dc.contributor.author	Carrasco Escobar, Gabriel
dc.contributor.author	Nolasco, O.
dc.contributor.author	Garro, K.
dc.contributor.author	Rodriguez-Ferruci, H.
dc.contributor.author	Guzman Guzman, Mitchel Anthony
dc.contributor.author	Llanos Cuentas, Elmer Alejandro
dc.contributor.author	Vinetz, Joseph Michael
dc.contributor.author	Nekkab, N.
dc.contributor.author	White, M.T.
dc.contributor.author	Mueller, I.
dc.contributor.author	Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia Baziliza
dc.date.accessioned	2022-06-25T20:36:43Z
dc.date.available	2022-06-25T20:36:43Z
dc.date.issued	2022
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/11877
dc.description.abstract	Background The landscape of malaria transmission in the Peruvian Amazon is temporally and spatially heterogeneous, presenting different micro-geographies with particular epidemiologies. Most cases are asymptomatic and escape routine malaria surveillance based on light microscopy (LM). Following the implementation of control programs in this region, new approaches to stratify transmission and direct efforts at an individual and community level are needed. Antibody responses to serological exposure markers (SEM) to Plasmodium vivax have proven diagnostic performance to identify people exposed in the previous 9 months. Methodology We measured antibody responses against 8 SEM to identify recently exposed people and determine the transmission dynamics of P. vivax in peri-urban (Iquitos) and riverine (Mazán) communities of Loreto, communities that have seen significant recent reductions in malaria transmission. Socio-demographic, geo-reference, LM and qPCR diagnosis data were collected from two cross-sectional surveys. Spatial and multilevel analyses were implemented to describe the distribution of seropositive cases and the risk factors associated with exposure to P. vivax. Principal findings Low local transmission was detected by qPCR in both Iquitos (5.3%) and Mazán (2.7%); however, seroprevalence indicated a higher level of (past) exposure to P. vivax in Mazán (56.5%) than Iquitos (38.2%). Age and being male were factors associated with high odds of being seropositive in both sites. Higher antibody levels were found in individuals >15 years old. The persistence of long-lived antibodies in these individuals could overestimate the detection of recent exposure. Antibody levels in younger populations (<15 years old) could be a better indicator of recent exposure to P. vivax. Conclusions The large number of current and past infections detected by SEMs allows for detailed local epidemiological analyses, in contrast to data from qPCR prevalence surveys which did not produce statistically significant associations. Serological surveillance will be increasingly important in the Peruvian Amazon as malaria transmission is reduced by continued control and elimination efforts.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	Public Library of Science
dc.relation.ispartofseries	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject	Plasmodium	en_US
dc.subject	Malaria	en_US
dc.subject	Antibodies	en_US
dc.subject	Antibody response	en_US
dc.subject	Serology	en_US
dc.subject	DNA-binding proteins	en_US
dc.subject	Malarial parasites	en_US
dc.subject	Age groups	en_US
dc.title	Malaria transmission structure in the Peruvian Amazon through antibody signatures to Plasmodium vivax	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010415
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.relation.issn	1935-2735