The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.

Grandinetti, P.; Pandova, M.; Galako, T.; Jacobs, A.; Vysotska, O.; Ignatenko, Y.; Koh, S.; Hashim, N.A.; Farcas, A.; Ibrahim, M.; Sitanggang, S.; Karakatsoulis, G.N.; Skugarevsky, O.; Berk, M.; Kopishinskaia, S.; Rewekant, A.; Theodorakis, P.N.; Gonda, X.; Koupidis, S.A.; Papava, I.; Tsapakis, E.M.; De Sousa, A.; Grau, A.; Jakšić, N.; Kazakova, O.; Adorjan, K.; Frias, P.; Irarrazaval, M.; Khaustova, O.; Tohen, M.; Jakovljević, M.; Stoyanova, M.; Hasan, T.M.; Elek, L.P.; Flores, E.N.R.; Ramírez, F.V.; Molina-López, A.; De Lucena, D.; Groudeva, V.; Saygili, G.; Silagadze, K.; Filatova, V.; Pejuskovic, B.; Harada, T.; de Carmona, M.S.; Widiasih, N.; Iakimova, R.; Malik, N.I.; Karia, S.; Khalifa, D.; Delgado, S.Z.; Panfil, A.-L.; Rancans, E.; Vaidya, R.; Marčinko, D.; Ismail, Z.; Gould, H.; Malashonkova, E.; Shirasaka, T.; Smirnova, D.; Garay, C.J.; González, D.M.; Razali, S.; Saiz, P.; Tukhvatullina, D.; Ullah, I.; Bobes-Bascaran, T.; Nassieb, A.; Mejia, G.; Mohammed, M.; Da Costa, M.P.; Erzin, G.; Bjedov, S.; Garcia-Álvarez, L.; Hossain, S.; Panteleeva, L.; Majid, A.; Saw, J.A.; Iftene, F.; Liewig, J.; Rivera-Encinas, M.T.; Shah, B.; Mahalingappa, S.S.; Tamasan, S.C.; Martínez, D.S.; Morozov, P.; Corral, R.; Patsali, M.E.; Malik, K.; Raduan, N.J.N.; Abud, I.I.C.; Ismayilova, J.; Cetkovich, M.; De Berardis, D.; Marazziti, D.; Bobes, J.; Szczegielniak, A.; Bukelskis, L.; Pavlichenko, A.; Prezerakos, P.E.; Falkai, P.; Hagin, M.; Hilbig, J.; Abraham, S.; Milev, R.; Martinez, S.; Etchevers, M.J.; Spikina, A.; Mammadzada, G.; Mustač, F.; Bourgin-Duchesnay, J.; Navickas, A.; Okasha, T.; Fountoulakis, N.K.; Naor, M.S.; Vukovic, O.; García-Portilla, M.P.; Memon, R.S.; Popkov, M.; Yashikhina, A.; Rebok, F.; Crepin, P.; Kulig, B.; Arai, K.; Martínez, X.E.M.; Mandalia, B.; Popovic, D.; Tavormina, M.G.M.; Colon-Rivera, H.; Matiekus, E.; Gondek, T.M.; Frankova, I.; Lalljee, A.; Ahmed, H.U.; Franza, F.; Cortez-Vergara, Carla; Kafali, H.Y.; Javed, A.; Kovacs, I.; Vega Dienstmaier, Johann Martín; Burkadze, A.; Tavormina, G.; Bredicean, C.A.; Vrublevska, J.; Stefano, R.D.; Muhammad, N.S.; Erdelyi-Hamza, B.; Dodd, S.; Fedotov, I.; Auwal, S.S.; Elissa, A.; Alarcón, Renato D.; Mickevičiūtė, D.; Castilla-Puentes, R.; Kosenko, K.; Schneidereit, P.; Fountoulakis, K.N.

dc.contributor.author	Fountoulakis, K.N.
dc.contributor.author	Karakatsoulis, G.N.
dc.contributor.author	Abraham, S.
dc.contributor.author	Adorjan, K.
dc.contributor.author	Ahmed, H.U.
dc.contributor.author	Alarcón, Renato D.
dc.contributor.author	Arai, K.
dc.contributor.author	Auwal, S.S.
dc.contributor.author	Berk, M.
dc.contributor.author	Bjedov, S.
dc.contributor.author	Bobes, J.
dc.contributor.author	Bobes-Bascaran, T.
dc.contributor.author	Bourgin-Duchesnay, J.
dc.contributor.author	Bredicean, C.A.
dc.contributor.author	Bukelskis, L.
dc.contributor.author	Burkadze, A.
dc.contributor.author	Abud, I.I.C.
dc.contributor.author	Castilla-Puentes, R.
dc.contributor.author	Cetkovich, M.
dc.contributor.author	Colon-Rivera, H.
dc.contributor.author	Corral, R.
dc.contributor.author	Cortez-Vergara, Carla
dc.contributor.author	Crepin, P.
dc.contributor.author	De Berardis, D.
dc.contributor.author	Delgado, S.Z.
dc.contributor.author	De Lucena, D.
dc.contributor.author	De Sousa, A.
dc.contributor.author	Stefano, R.D.
dc.contributor.author	Dodd, S.
dc.contributor.author	Elek, L.P.
dc.contributor.author	Elissa, A.
dc.contributor.author	Erdelyi-Hamza, B.
dc.contributor.author	Erzin, G.
dc.contributor.author	Etchevers, M.J.
dc.contributor.author	Falkai, P.
dc.contributor.author	Farcas, A.
dc.contributor.author	Fedotov, I.
dc.contributor.author	Filatova, V.
dc.contributor.author	Fountoulakis, N.K.
dc.contributor.author	Frankova, I.
dc.contributor.author	Franza, F.
dc.contributor.author	Frias, P.
dc.contributor.author	Galako, T.
dc.contributor.author	Garay, C.J.
dc.contributor.author	Garcia-Álvarez, L.
dc.contributor.author	García-Portilla, M.P.
dc.contributor.author	Gonda, X.
dc.contributor.author	Gondek, T.M.
dc.contributor.author	González, D.M.
dc.contributor.author	Gould, H.
dc.contributor.author	Grandinetti, P.
dc.contributor.author	Grau, A.
dc.contributor.author	Groudeva, V.
dc.contributor.author	Hagin, M.
dc.contributor.author	Harada, T.
dc.contributor.author	Hasan, T.M.
dc.contributor.author	Hashim, N.A.
dc.contributor.author	Hilbig, J.
dc.contributor.author	Hossain, S.
dc.contributor.author	Iakimova, R.
dc.contributor.author	Ibrahim, M.
dc.contributor.author	Iftene, F.
dc.contributor.author	Ignatenko, Y.
dc.contributor.author	Irarrazaval, M.
dc.contributor.author	Ismail, Z.
dc.contributor.author	Ismayilova, J.
dc.contributor.author	Jacobs, A.
dc.contributor.author	Jakovljević, M.
dc.contributor.author	Jakšić, N.
dc.contributor.author	Javed, A.
dc.contributor.author	Kafali, H.Y.
dc.contributor.author	Karia, S.
dc.contributor.author	Kazakova, O.
dc.contributor.author	Khalifa, D.
dc.contributor.author	Khaustova, O.
dc.contributor.author	Koh, S.
dc.contributor.author	Kopishinskaia, S.
dc.contributor.author	Kosenko, K.
dc.contributor.author	Koupidis, S.A.
dc.contributor.author	Kovacs, I.
dc.contributor.author	Kulig, B.
dc.contributor.author	Lalljee, A.
dc.contributor.author	Liewig, J.
dc.contributor.author	Majid, A.
dc.contributor.author	Malashonkova, E.
dc.contributor.author	Malik, K.
dc.contributor.author	Malik, N.I.
dc.contributor.author	Mammadzada, G.
dc.contributor.author	Mandalia, B.
dc.contributor.author	Marazziti, D.
dc.contributor.author	Marčinko, D.
dc.contributor.author	Martinez, S.
dc.contributor.author	Matiekus, E.
dc.contributor.author	Mejia, G.
dc.contributor.author	Memon, R.S.
dc.contributor.author	Martínez, X.E.M.
dc.contributor.author	Mickevičiūtė, D.
dc.contributor.author	Milev, R.
dc.contributor.author	Mohammed, M.
dc.contributor.author	Molina-López, A.
dc.contributor.author	Morozov, P.
dc.contributor.author	Muhammad, N.S.
dc.contributor.author	Mustač, F.
dc.contributor.author	Naor, M.S.
dc.contributor.author	Nassieb, A.
dc.contributor.author	Navickas, A.
dc.contributor.author	Okasha, T.
dc.contributor.author	Pandova, M.
dc.contributor.author	Panfil, A.-L.
dc.contributor.author	Panteleeva, L.
dc.contributor.author	Papava, I.
dc.contributor.author	Patsali, M.E.
dc.contributor.author	Pavlichenko, A.
dc.contributor.author	Pejuskovic, B.
dc.contributor.author	Da Costa, M.P.
dc.contributor.author	Popkov, M.
dc.contributor.author	Popovic, D.
dc.contributor.author	Raduan, N.J.N.
dc.contributor.author	Ramírez, F.V.
dc.contributor.author	Rancans, E.
dc.contributor.author	Razali, S.
dc.contributor.author	Rebok, F.
dc.contributor.author	Rewekant, A.
dc.contributor.author	Flores, E.N.R.
dc.contributor.author	Rivera-Encinas, M.T.
dc.contributor.author	Saiz, P.
dc.contributor.author	de Carmona, M.S.
dc.contributor.author	Martínez, D.S.
dc.contributor.author	Saw, J.A.
dc.contributor.author	Saygili, G.
dc.contributor.author	Schneidereit, P.
dc.contributor.author	Shah, B.
dc.contributor.author	Shirasaka, T.
dc.contributor.author	Silagadze, K.
dc.contributor.author	Sitanggang, S.
dc.contributor.author	Skugarevsky, O.
dc.contributor.author	Spikina, A.
dc.contributor.author	Mahalingappa, S.S.
dc.contributor.author	Stoyanova, M.
dc.contributor.author	Szczegielniak, A.
dc.contributor.author	Tamasan, S.C.
dc.contributor.author	Tavormina, G.
dc.contributor.author	Tavormina, M.G.M.
dc.contributor.author	Theodorakis, P.N.
dc.contributor.author	Tohen, M.
dc.contributor.author	Tsapakis, E.M.
dc.contributor.author	Tukhvatullina, D.
dc.contributor.author	Ullah, I.
dc.contributor.author	Vaidya, R.
dc.contributor.author	Vega Dienstmaier, Johann Martín
dc.contributor.author	Vrublevska, J.
dc.contributor.author	Vukovic, O.
dc.contributor.author	Vysotska, O.
dc.contributor.author	Widiasih, N.
dc.contributor.author	Yashikhina, A.
dc.contributor.author	Prezerakos, P.E.
dc.contributor.author	Smirnova, D.
dc.date.accessioned	2022-08-15T20:11:10Z
dc.date.available	2022-08-15T20:11:10Z
dc.date.issued	2022
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/12047
dc.description.abstract	Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic various degrees of lockdown were applied by countries around the world. It is considered that such measures have an adverse effect on mental health but the relationship of measure intensity with the mental health effect has not been thoroughly studied. Here we report data from the larger COMET-G study pertaining to this question. Material and Methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic, data were gathered with an online questionnaire from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Anxiety was measured with the STAI, depression with the CES-D and suicidality with the RASS. Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. Statistical Analysis: It included the calculation of Relative Risk (RR), Factorial ANOVA and Multiple backwards stepwise linear regression analysis Results: Approximately two-thirds were currently living under significant restrictions due to lockdown. For both males and females the risk to develop clinical depression correlated significantly with each and every level of increasing lockdown degree (RR 1.72 and 1.90 respectively). The combined lockdown and psychiatric history increased RR to 6.88 The overall relationship of lockdown with severity of depression, though significant was small. Conclusions: The current study is the first which reports an almost linear relationship between lockdown degree and effect in mental health. Our findings, support previous suggestions concerning the need for a proactive targeted intervention to protect mental health more specifically in vulnerable groups.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseries	Psychiatry Research
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject	COVID-19	en_US
dc.subject	Depression	en_US
dc.subject	Suicidality	en_US
dc.subject	Mental health, lockdown, anxiety, mental health history	en_US
dc.title	The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114702
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.24
dc.relation.issn	1872-7123

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The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.

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