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Evaluation of Women's Empowerment in a Community-Based Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling Social Entrepreneurship Program (Hope Project) in Peru: A Mixed-Method Study

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dc.contributor.author Shin, M.B.
dc.contributor.author Garcia Funegra, Patricia Jannet
dc.contributor.author Dotson, M.E.
dc.contributor.author Valderrama, María
dc.contributor.author Chiappe Gutierrez, Marina Angelica
dc.contributor.author Ramanujam, N.
dc.contributor.author Krieger, M.
dc.contributor.author Ásbjörnsdóttir, K.
dc.contributor.author Barnabas, R.V.
dc.contributor.author Iribarren, S.J.
dc.contributor.author Gimbel, S.
dc.date.accessioned 2022-08-15T20:11:10Z
dc.date.available 2022-08-15T20:11:10Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/12050
dc.description.abstract Introduction: Understanding community women's relational and financial empowerment in social entrepreneurship could be the key to scaling up community-based human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling programs in low- and middle-income countries. The Hope Project, social entrepreneurship in Peru, trains women (Hope Ladies) to promote HPV self-sampling among other women in their communities. This study aims to evaluate the Hope Ladies' relational and financial empowerment after participating in the program. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the Hope Ladies' experiences of empowerment in social entrepreneurship using a parallel convergent mixed methods design. The Hope Ladies participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 20) and an eight-questions five-point Likert scale survey that evaluated their relational (n = 19)/financial (n = 17) empowerment. The interview and the survey questions were developed using three empowerment frameworks: Kabeer's conceptual framework, International Center for Research on Women's economic empowerment indicators, and the Relational Leadership Theory. Deductive content analysis was used to evaluate the interviews with pre-determined codes and categories of empowerment. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey results. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated through a cross-case comparison of emergent themes and corresponding survey responses during the results interpretation. Results: All Hope Ladies reported experiencing increased empowerment in social entrepreneurship. Interviews: The women reported challenges and improvement in three categories of empowerment: (1) resources (balancing between household and Hope Lady roles, recognition from the community as a resource, camaraderie with other Hope Ladies); (2) agency (increased knowledge about reproductive health, improved confidence to express themselves, and ability to speak out against male-dominant culture); and (3) achievement (increased economic assets, improved ability to make financial decisions, and widened social network and capital, and technology skills development). Survey: All (100%) agreed/totally agreed an increase in social contacts, increased unaccompanied visits to a healthcare provider (86%), improved confidence in discussing reproductive topics (100%), improved ability to make household decisions about money (57% pre-intervention vs. 92% post-intervention). Conclusions: The Hope Ladies reported improved relational and financial empowerment through participating in community-based social entrepreneurship. Future studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between empowerment and worker retention/performance to inform the scale-up of HPV self-sampling social entrepreneurship programs. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Frontiers Media
dc.relation.ispartofseries Frontiers in Public Health
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Cervical cancer en_US
dc.subject HPV self-sampling en_US
dc.subject Social entrepreneurship en_US
dc.subject Empowerment en_US
dc.subject Community-based cancer screening en_US
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.title Evaluation of Women's Empowerment in a Community-Based Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling Social Entrepreneurship Program (Hope Project) in Peru: A Mixed-Method Study en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.858552
dc.relation.issn 2296-2565


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