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Complex Evolutionary History of the South American Fox Genus Lycalopex (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) Inferred from Multiple Mitochondrial and Nuclear Markers

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dc.contributor.author Favarini, M.O.
dc.contributor.author Simão, T.L.L.
dc.contributor.author Macedo, G.S.
dc.contributor.author Garcez, F.S.
dc.contributor.author Oliveira, L.R.
dc.contributor.author Cardenas Alayza, Susana
dc.contributor.author Cardeña Mormontoy, Marco
dc.contributor.author Angulo, F.
dc.contributor.author Kasper, C.B.
dc.contributor.author Johnson, W.E.
dc.contributor.author Eizirik, E.
dc.date.accessioned 2022-10-12T18:25:58Z
dc.date.available 2022-10-12T18:25:58Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/12371
dc.description.abstract The canid genus Lycalopex comprises six recently diversified South American species whose evolutionary relationships have been remarkably challenging to resolve. We analyzed 6000 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 55 Lycalopex individuals (L. sechurae = 4, L. culpaeus = 7, L. griseus = 8, L. gymnocercus = 17, L. vetulus = 13 and L. fulvipes = 6), and nine specimens from the closely related species Cerdocyon thous, Chrysocyon brachyurus and Speothos venaticus, to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships, estimate the support for species-level monophyly, and date their divergences. In addition, we also sequenced seven nuclear segments from the same taxa. Three different phylogenetic approaches converged on the same mitochondrial topology with strong support for most nodes. All species were confirmed to be monophyletic for mtDNA, except for one intriguing case in which two L. vetulus individuals carried L. gymnocercus haplotypes, potentially implying a case of interspecies admixture. L. vetulus was the first species to diverge (ca. 1.2 Mya), followed by L. sechurae and then L. gymnocercus. The most internal group comprised L. griseus and the sister-species L. culpaeus and L. fulvipes, which diverged around 430,000 years ago in southern Argentina or Chile. The analysis of nuclear markers revealed several examples of intra-specific variation coupled with lack of species monophyly, consistent with pervasive incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization in this recent radiation. Our results provide robust mitochondrial resolution of this challenging radiation, and illustrate the difficulty of attaining similar success with traditional nuclear markers. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher MDPI
dc.relation.ispartofseries Diversity
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject mtDNA en_US
dc.subject genealogical discordance en_US
dc.subject Neotropical canids en_US
dc.subject nuclear sequences en_US
dc.subject rapid radiation en_US
dc.title Complex Evolutionary History of the South American Fox Genus Lycalopex (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) Inferred from Multiple Mitochondrial and Nuclear Markers en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080642
dc.relation.issn 1424-2818


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