Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Molecular epidemiology and diagnosis of Leishmania: What have we learnt from genome structure and function?

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dc.contributor.author Dujardin, J.
dc.contributor.author Victoir, K.
dc.contributor.author De Doncker, S.
dc.contributor.author Guerbouj, S.
dc.contributor.author Arévalo Zelada, Jorge Luis
dc.contributor.author Le Ray, D.
dc.date.accessioned 2022-10-25T19:54:10Z
dc.date.available 2022-10-25T19:54:10Z
dc.date.issued 2002
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/12472
dc.description.abstract This paper reviews our exploration of the dynamics of the Leishmania genome and its contribution to epidemiology and diagnosis. We used as a model Peruvian populations of L. (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) peruviana, 2 species very close phylogenetically, but phenotypically very different in biotope and pathology. We initially focused on karyotype analysis. Our data showed that chromosomes were subject to a fast rate of evolution, and were sensitive indicators of genetic drift. Therefore, molecular karyotyping appeared an adequate tool for monitoring (i) emergence of close species, (ii) ecogeographical differentiation at the intraspecific level, and (iii) strain 'fingerprinting'. Chromosome size variation was mostly due to the number of tandemly repeated genes (rDNA, mini-exon, gp63, and cysteine proteinase genes), and could involve the deletion of unique genes (L. (V.) braziliensis-specific gp63 families). Considering the importance of these genes in parasitism, their rearrangement might have functional implications: adaptation to different environments and pleomorphic pathogenicity. Our knowledge of genome structure and dynamics was used to develop new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Amplification of gp63 genes followed by cleavage with restriction enzymes and study of restriction fragment length polymorphism (gp63 PCR-RFLP) allowed the discrimination of all species tested, even directly in biopsies with 95% sensitivity (compared with PCR amplification of kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid). At the intra-specific level, RFLP was also observed and corresponded to mutations in major immunogen domains of gp63. These seem to be under strong selection pressure, and the technique should facilitate addressing how the host's immune pressure may modulate parasite population structure. Altogether, gp63 PCR-RFLP represents a significant operational improvement over the other techniques for molecular epidemiology and diagnosis: it combines sensitivity, discriminatory power and prognostic value. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Oxford University Press
dc.relation.ispartofseries Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject controlled study en_US
dc.subject human en_US
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject animal en_US
dc.subject Animals en_US
dc.subject antigen en_US
dc.subject biotope en_US
dc.subject chromosome 10 en_US
dc.subject chromosome size en_US
dc.subject Chromosome size en_US
dc.subject cysteine proteinase en_US
dc.subject Diagnosis en_US
dc.subject diagnostic procedure en_US
dc.subject DNA fingerprinting en_US
dc.subject Epidemiology en_US
dc.subject exon en_US
dc.subject gene deletion en_US
dc.subject gene function en_US
dc.subject gene locus en_US
dc.subject gene mutation en_US
dc.subject gene rearrangement en_US
dc.subject Gene Rearrangement en_US
dc.subject gene structure en_US
dc.subject genetic drift en_US
dc.subject genetic selection en_US
dc.subject genetics en_US
dc.subject genome en_US
dc.subject Genome, Protozoan en_US
dc.subject geographic distribution en_US
dc.subject Humans en_US
dc.subject immune response en_US
dc.subject intraspecific variation en_US
dc.subject karyotyping en_US
dc.subject Karyotyping en_US
dc.subject kinetoplast DNA en_US
dc.subject Leishmania en_US
dc.subject Leishmania braziliensis en_US
dc.subject leishmania peruviana en_US
dc.subject Leishmania peruviana en_US
dc.subject leishmaniasis en_US
dc.subject Leishmaniasis en_US
dc.subject molecular evolution en_US
dc.subject Molecular karyotyping en_US
dc.subject nonhuman en_US
dc.subject parasite prevalence en_US
dc.subject parasitism en_US
dc.subject pathogenicity en_US
dc.subject phenotype en_US
dc.subject phylogeny en_US
dc.subject polymerase chain reaction en_US
dc.subject prognosis en_US
dc.subject Protozoa en_US
dc.subject restriction endonuclease en_US
dc.subject restriction fragment length polymorphism en_US
dc.subject restriction mapping en_US
dc.subject review en_US
dc.subject ribosome DNA en_US
dc.subject sensitivity and specificity en_US
dc.subject species differentiation en_US
dc.subject tandem repeat en_US
dc.subject type strain en_US
dc.title Molecular epidemiology and diagnosis of Leishmania: What have we learnt from genome structure and function? en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/review
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90056-8
dc.relation.issn 1878-3503


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