Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Are Women's Empowerment and Income Inequality Associated with Excess Weight in Latin American Cities?

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dc.contributor.author Tumas, N.
dc.contributor.author Rodriguez Lopez, S.
dc.contributor.author Mazariegos, M.
dc.contributor.author Ortigoza, A.
dc.contributor.author Anza Ramirez, Cecilia
dc.contributor.author Perez Ferrer, C.
dc.contributor.author Moore, K.
dc.contributor.author Yamada, G.
dc.contributor.author Carvalho Menezes, M.
dc.contributor.author Sarmiento, Olga L.
dc.contributor.author Pericas, Juan M.
dc.contributor.author Belvis Costes, F.
dc.contributor.author Lazo, Mariana
dc.contributor.author Benach, J.
dc.date.accessioned 2022-12-14T14:25:34Z
dc.date.available 2022-12-14T14:25:34Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/12893
dc.description.abstract While income gradients and gender inequalities in excess weight have been noted elsewhere, data from Latin American cities is lacking. We analyzed gender-specific associations between city-level women’s empowerment and income inequality with individual-level overweight/obesity, assessing how these associations vary by individual education or living conditions within cities in Latin America. Data came from national surveys and censuses, and was compiled by the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America). The sample included 79,422 individuals (58.0% women), living in 538 sub-cities, 187 cities, and 8 countries. We used gender-stratified Poisson multilevel models to estimate the Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) for overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) per a unit change in city-level women’s empowerment (proxied by a score that measures gender inequalities in employment and education) and income inequality (proxied by income-based Gini coefficient). We also tested whether individual education or sub-city living conditions modified such associations. Higher city labor women’s empowerment (in women) and higher city Gini coefficient (in men) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (PRR = 0.97 (95%CI 0.94, 0.99) and PRR = 0.94 (95%CI 0.90, 0.97), respectively). The associations varied by individual education and sub-city living conditions. For labor women’s empowerment, we observed weakened associations towards the null effect in women with lower education and in residents of sub-cities with worse living conditions (men and women). For the Gini coefficient, the association was stronger among men with primary education, and a negative association was observed in women with primary education. Our findings highlight the need for promoting equity-based policies and interventions to tackle the high prevalence of excess weight in Latin American cities. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Springer
dc.relation.ispartofseries Journal of Urban Health
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Women’s empowerment en_US
dc.subject Income inequality en_US
dc.subject Overweight en_US
dc.subject Obesity en_US
dc.subject Cities en_US
dc.subject Latin America en_US
dc.title Are Women's Empowerment and Income Inequality Associated with Excess Weight in Latin American Cities? en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00689-5
dc.relation.issn 1468-2869


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