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Household-level risk factors for water contamination and antimicrobial resistance in drinking water among households with children under 5 in rural San Marcos, Cajamarca, Peru.

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dc.contributor.author Larson, Anika Jade
dc.contributor.author Haver, S
dc.contributor.author Hattendorf, J
dc.contributor.author Salmon Mulanovich, Gabriela
dc.contributor.author Riveros Ramirez, Maribel Denise
dc.contributor.author Verástegui Huasasquiche, Héctor Alfredo
dc.contributor.author Mäusezahl, D
dc.contributor.author Hartinger Peña, Stella Maria
dc.coverage.spatial San Marcos, Cajamarca, Perú
dc.date.accessioned 2023-02-20T13:28:11Z
dc.date.available 2023-02-20T13:28:11Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13160
dc.description.abstract Household water contamination at point of use depends on human, animal and environmental factors embodying all aspects of a One Health approach. This study investigated the association between household factors, the presence of thermotolerant coliform, and the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in drinking water among 314 households with children under 5 in Cajamarca, Peru. This study analysed data from a baseline sampling of a randomized controlled trial, including household surveys covering household water management and factors such as household animals, as well as microbiological data from samples collected from drinking water. Data were analysed using generalized linear models. Drinking water samples collected from narrow-mouthed containers were less likely to be contaminated than samples collected from the faucet (OR=0.55, p=0.030) or wide mouthed containers. The presence of thermotolerant coliform was associated with owning farm birds, which increased the proportion of contamination from 42.2% to 59.1% (OR=1.98, p=0.017) and with animal waste observed in the kitchen area, which increased the prevalence of contamination from 51.4% to 65.6% (OR=1.80, p=0.024). Resistance to any antibiotic was higher among pig owners at 60%, relative to non-pig owners at 36.4% (OR=1.97, p=0.012) as well as households with free-roaming animals in the kitchen area at 59.6% compared to households without free-roaming animals at 39.7% (OR=2.24, p=0.035). Recent child antibiotic use increased the prevalence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among E. coli isolates to 22.3% relative to 16.7% (OR=3.00, p=0.037). Overall, these findings suggest that water storage in a secure container to protect from in-home contamination is likely to be important in providing safe drinking water at point of use. In addition, transmission of thermotolerant coliform and AMR between domestic animals and human drinking water supplies is likely. Further research should explore transmission pathways and methods to support safe drinking water access in multi-species households. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseries One health
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Thermotolerant coliforms en_US
dc.subject Antimicrobial resistance en_US
dc.subject Domestic animals en_US
dc.subject Drinking water en_US
dc.subject One health en_US
dc.subject.mesh Coliforms
dc.subject.mesh Drug Resistance, Microbial
dc.subject.mesh Animals, Domestic
dc.subject.mesh Drinking Water
dc.subject.mesh One Health
dc.title Household-level risk factors for water contamination and antimicrobial resistance in drinking water among households with children under 5 in rural San Marcos, Cajamarca, Peru. en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100482
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.04
dc.relation.issn 2352-7714


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