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Prevalence of depression and anxiety in older people in low- and middle- income countries in Africa, Asia and South America: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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dc.contributor.author Edwards, N.
dc.contributor.author Walker, S.
dc.contributor.author Paddick, S.-M.
dc.contributor.author Prina, A.M.
dc.contributor.author Chinnasamy, M.
dc.contributor.author Reddy, N.
dc.contributor.author Mboya, I.B.
dc.contributor.author Mtei, M.
dc.contributor.author Varghese, M.
dc.contributor.author Nakkasuja, N.
dc.contributor.author Guerra Arteaga, Mariella
dc.contributor.author Sapkota, N.
dc.contributor.author Dotchin, C.
dc.date.accessioned 2023-04-16T04:38:15Z
dc.date.available 2023-04-16T04:38:15Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13400
dc.description.abstract Background: There is rapid growth of older people in Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMICs). The aim of this review was to assess the literature on prevalence of anxiety and depression in this demographic, which to our knowledge, has not yet been conducted. Methods: Databases including Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, Scielo and African Journals Online were searched for terms including “mental disorders”, “neurotic disorders”, “mood disorders” and “anxiety disorders”. Studies published between 1990 and 2020 providing data on older people (≥50 years) in LMICs (defined by World Bank Criteria) were included and quality-assessed. Meta-analysis was conducted on a subset of higher-quality studies to derive pooled prevalence estimates of depression. Results: One hundred and forty relevant studies were identified, of which thirty-two were included in meta-analysis. One hundred and fifteen studies reported depression prevalence only, 19 reported both depression and anxiety, and six reported anxiety only. In all studies identified, depression prevalence ranged from 0.5 % to 62.7 %, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder prevalence ranged from 0.2 % to 32.2 %. The pooled prevalence of depression on meta-analysis was 10.5 % (95 % CI, 8.9 % - 11.2 %). Reported prevalence rates of depression were significantly different in studies using ICD-10 compared with DSM criteria, and between community and clinical settings. Limitations: The search strategy contained bias towards English language papers and high income country (HIC) publications. There is significant heterogeneity within the meta-analysis. Discussion: A wide range of methodologies and clinical criteria are used in prevalence studies of depression and anxiety in older people. Studies using screening tools found higher prevalence rates; clinicians and researchers should ensure diagnosis is made with gold-standard clinical criteria. Meta-analysis data suggest that rates of depression are similar in older people in LMICs compared to HICs but mental healthcare resources are limited, suggesting a large potential treatment gap. © 2023 en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseries Journal of Affective Disorders
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject depression en_US
dc.subject anxiety en_US
dc.subject older people en_US
dc.subject low income countries en_US
dc.subject middle income countries en_US
dc.subject Africa en_US
dc.subject Asia en_US
dc.subject South America en_US
dc.subject systematic review en_US
dc.subject meta-analysis en_US
dc.title Prevalence of depression and anxiety in older people in low- and middle- income countries in Africa, Asia and South America: A systematic review and meta-analysis en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/review
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.068
dc.relation.issn 0165-0327


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