Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Hypertension prevalence by degrees of urbanization and altitude in Peru: pooled analysis of 186 906 participants.

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dc.contributor.author Mendoza Quispe, Daniel Enrique
dc.contributor.author Chambergo-Michilot, Diego
dc.contributor.author Moscoso Porras, Miguel Giancarlo
dc.contributor.author Bernabé Ortiz, Antonio
dc.coverage.spatial Perú
dc.date.accessioned 2023-05-19T14:08:33Z
dc.date.available 2023-05-19T14:08:33Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13522
dc.description.abstract OBJECTIVE: Few studies, using countrywide data, examined how hypertension prevalence varies at diverse degrees of urbanization and altitude. This study examined the association between urbanization and altitude, including the potential interaction between those variables, with hypertension prevalence in Peru. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (2014-2019). Hypertension (SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg or self-reported diagnosis) was the outcome. Exposures were altitude levels, and urbanization assessed with four indicators (urban/rural; type of place of residence; population density level; and population size level). RESULTS: Among 186 906 participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 40.6 ± 17.9; 51.1% women), pooled hypertension prevalence was 19% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.7-19.3], which was higher in urban compared with rural areas (prevalence ratio: 1.09; 95% CI 1.05-1.15). Compared with countryside, hypertension was higher in towns (prevalence ratio: 1.09; 95% CI 1.04-1.15), small cities (prevalence ratio: 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.13) and large cities (prevalence ratio: 1.19; 95% CI 1.12-1.27). Compared with least density settings (1-500 inhabitants/km2), hypertension was higher in the highest density (≥10 001 inhabitants/km2) settings (prevalence ratio: 1.12; 95% CI 1.07-1.18). Population size was not associated with hypertension. Compared with low altitude, hypertension was lower above 2500 m (prevalence ratio 0.91; 95% CI 0.87-0.94) and above 3500 m (prevalence ratio 0.89; 95% CI 0.84-0.95). Interaction between exposures had varying patterning. CONCLUSION: Hypertension in Peru is more prevalent at urban than rural areas, especially in large cities and in more densely populated areas above 10 001 inhabitants/km2, and less prevalent at altitudes above 2500 m. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Wolters Kluwer Health
dc.relation.ispartofseries Journal of Hypertension
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject altitude en_US
dc.subject hypertension en_US
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject prevalence en_US
dc.subject urbanization en_US
dc.subject 95% CI en_US
dc.subject 95% confidence intervals en_US
dc.subject DHS en_US
dc.subject Demographic and Health Survey en_US
dc.subject INEI en_US
dc.subject National Institute of Statistics and Informatics en_US
dc.subject m.a.s.l. en_US
dc.subject meters above sea level en_US
dc.subject SD en_US
dc.subject standard deviation en_US
dc.subject.mesh Altitud
dc.subject.mesh Hipertensión
dc.subject.mesh Perú
dc.subject.mesh Prevalencia
dc.subject.mesh Urbanización
dc.subject.mesh Intervalos de Confianza
dc.subject.mesh Demografía
dc.subject.mesh Nivel del Mar
dc.title Hypertension prevalence by degrees of urbanization and altitude in Peru: pooled analysis of 186 906 participants. en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003444
dc.relation.issn 1473-5598


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