Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain: Results of an Online Observational Study

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dc.contributor.author Salas Quijada, Carmen
dc.contributor.author López-Contreras, Natalia
dc.contributor.author López-Jiménez, Tomás
dc.contributor.author Medina-Perucha, Laura
dc.contributor.author León-Gómez, Brenda Biaani
dc.contributor.author Peralta, Andrés
dc.contributor.author Arteaga-Contreras, Karen M.
dc.contributor.author Berenguera, Anna
dc.contributor.author Queiroga Gonçalves, Alessandra
dc.contributor.author Horna-Campos, Olivia Janett
dc.contributor.author Mazzei, Marinella
dc.contributor.author Anigstein, Maria Sol
dc.contributor.author Ribeiro Barbosa, Jakeline
dc.contributor.author Bardales Mendoza, Olga Teodora
dc.contributor.author Benach, Joan
dc.contributor.author Borges Machado, Daiane
dc.contributor.author Torres Castillo, Ana Lucía
dc.contributor.author Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza
dc.coverage.spatial Brasil
dc.coverage.spatial Chile
dc.coverage.spatial Ecuador
dc.coverage.spatial México
dc.coverage.spatial Perú
dc.coverage.spatial España
dc.date.accessioned 2023-06-12T16:25:54Z
dc.date.available 2023-06-12T16:25:54Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/13610
dc.description.abstract COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Self-perceived health (SPH), anxiety (measured through GAD-7) and depression (measured through PHQ-9) were measured along with lockdown, COVID-19, and social variables. The prevalence of poor SPH, anxiety, and depression was calculated. The analyses were stratified by gender (men = M; women = W) and country. The data from 39,006 people were analyzed (W = 71.9%). There was a higher prevalence of poor SPH and bad mental health in women in all countries studied. Peru had the worst SPH results, while Chile and Ecuador had the worst mental health indicators. Spain had the lowest prevalence of poor SPH and mental health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression decreased as age increased. Unemployment, poor working conditions, inadequate housing, and the highest unpaid workload were associated with worse mental health and poor SPH, especially in women. In future policies, worldwide public measures should consider the great social inequalities in health present between and within countries in order to tackle health emergencies while reducing the health breach between populations. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher MDPI
dc.relation.ispartofseries International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject COVID-19 en_US
dc.subject Social Impact en_US
dc.subject Lockdown en_US
dc.subject Mental Health en_US
dc.subject Inequities en_US
dc.subject Self-perceived Health en_US
dc.subject.mesh COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh Cambio Social
dc.subject.mesh Cuarentena
dc.subject.mesh Salud Mental
dc.subject.mesh Inequidades en Salud
dc.subject.mesh Automanejo
dc.title Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain: Results of an Online Observational Study en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095722
dc.relation.issn 1660-4601


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