Human and Equine Infection with Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses in Panamá during 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study of Household Contacts during an Encephalitis Outbreak

Carrera, Jean-Paul; Arroyo Hurtado, Gianfranco; Weaver, Scott C.; Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P.; Pascale, Juan Miguel; Gundaker, Nathan D.; Valderrama, Anayansi; Armien, Blas; Tesh, Robert B.; Bagamian, Karoun H.; Vittor, Amy Y.; Wang, Eryu; Sosa, Néstor; Beltran, Davis

dc.contributor.author	Carrera, Jean-Paul
dc.contributor.author	Bagamian, Karoun H.
dc.contributor.author	Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P.
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Eryu
dc.contributor.author	Beltran, Davis
dc.contributor.author	Gundaker, Nathan D.
dc.contributor.author	Armien, Blas
dc.contributor.author	Arroyo Hurtado, Gianfranco
dc.contributor.author	Sosa, Néstor
dc.contributor.author	Pascale, Juan Miguel
dc.contributor.author	Valderrama, Anayansi
dc.contributor.author	Tesh, Robert B.
dc.contributor.author	Vittor, Amy Y.
dc.contributor.author	Weaver, Scott C.
dc.date.accessioned	2018-11-30T17:17:13Z
dc.date.available	2018-11-30T17:17:13Z
dc.date.issued	2018
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/4091
dc.description.abstract	Members of the genera Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) and Flavivirus (family Flaviridae) are important zoonotic human and equine etiologic agents of neurologic diseases in the New World. In 2010, an outbreak of Madariaga virus (MADV; formerly eastern equine encephalitis virus) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) infections was reported in eastern Panamá. We further characterized the epidemiology of the outbreak by studying household contacts of confirmed human cases and of equine cases with neurological disease signs. Serum samples were screened using a hemagglutination inhibition test, and human results were confirmed using plaque reduction neutralization tests. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the human MADV and VEEV seroprevalence ratios by age (in tercile) and gender. Overall, antibody prevalence for human MADV infection was 19.4%, VEEV 33.3%, and Mayaro virus 1.4%. In comparison with individuals aged 2-20 years, people from older age groups (21-41 and > 41 years) were five times more likely to have antibodies against VEEV, whereas the MADV prevalence ratio was independent of age. The overall seroprevalence of MADV in equids was 26.3%, VEEV 29.4%, West Nile virus (WNV) 2.6%, and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) was 63.0%. Taken together, our results suggest that multiple arboviruses are circulating in human and equine populations in Panamá. Our findings of a lack of increase in the seroprevalence ratio with age support the hypothesis of recent MADV exposure to people living in the affected region.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
dc.relation.ispartofseries	American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH Journal)
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	Human Infection	en_US
dc.subject	Equine Infection	en_US
dc.subject	Alphaviruses	en_US
dc.subject	Flaviviruses	en_US
dc.subject	Panamá	en_US
dc.subject	Cross-Sectional Study	en_US
dc.subject	Encephalitis Outbreak	en_US
dc.title	Human and Equine Infection with Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses in Panamá during 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study of Household Contacts during an Encephalitis Outbreak	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0679
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn	1476-1645