DSpace Repository

Association Between Cigarette Smoking Prevalence and Income Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Show simple item record

dc.contributor.author Casetta, Brunilda
dc.contributor.author Videla, Alejandro J.
dc.contributor.author Bardach, Ariel
dc.contributor.author Morello, Paola
dc.contributor.author Soto, Natalie
dc.contributor.author Lee, Kelly
dc.contributor.author Camacho, Paul Anthony
dc.contributor.author Hermoza Moquillaza, Rocio Victoria
dc.contributor.author Ciapponi, Agustin
dc.date.accessioned 2019-01-25T15:02:18Z
dc.date.available 2019-01-25T15:02:18Z
dc.date.issued 2016
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/4607
dc.description.abstract Introduction: Previous evidence linked low socioeconomic status with higher smoking prevalence. Our objective was to assess the strength of this association in the world population, updating a previous work. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Subgroup analyses included continents, WHO regions, country mortality levels, gender, age, risk of bias, and study publication date. Independent reviewers selected studies, assessed potential bias and extracted data. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SOCINDEX, AFRICAN INDEX MEDICUS, and LILACS, and other sources from 1989 to 2013 reporting direct measurements of income and current cigarette smoking. Results: We retrieved 13,583 articles and included 93 for meta-analysis. Median smoking prevalence was 17.8% (range 3-70%). Lower income was consistently associated with higher smoking prevalence (odds ratio [OR]: 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.56). This association was statistically significant in the subgroup analysis by WHO regions for the Americas (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.42-1.68), South East Asia (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.10-2.00), Europe (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.29-1.63), and Western Pacific (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02-1.72), and in studies conducted during 1990s (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24-1.62) and 2000s (OR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.30-1.64). Likewise, it was noted in low-mortality countries (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.37-1.60) and for both genders. Prevalence was highest in the lowest income levels compared to the middle (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.49-1.92), followed by the middle level compared to the highest (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.20-1.43). Conclusions: Our results show that current cigarette smoking was significantly associated with lower income worldwide and across subgroups, suggesting a dose-response relationship. Implications: This unique updated systematic review shows a consistent inverse dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and income level, present among most geographical areas and country characteristics. Public health measures should take into account this potential inequity and consider special efforts directed to disadvantaged populations. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Oxford University Press
dc.relation.ispartofseries Nicotine and Tobacco Research
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Adult en_US
dc.subject Female en_US
dc.subject Humans en_US
dc.subject Male en_US
dc.subject Middle Aged en_US
dc.subject Prevalence en_US
dc.subject Vulnerable Populations en_US
dc.subject Social Class en_US
dc.subject Europe/epidemiology en_US
dc.subject Income en_US
dc.subject Americas/epidemiology en_US
dc.subject Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology en_US
dc.subject Cigarette Smoking/economics/epidemiology en_US
dc.subject Observational Studies as Topic/methods en_US
dc.subject Poverty/economics en_US
dc.title Association Between Cigarette Smoking Prevalence and Income Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw266
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.05
dc.relation.issn 1469-994X


Files in this item

Files Size Format View

There are no files associated with this item.

This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record

info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess

Search DSpace


Browse

My Account

Statistics