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Comparison of sputum collection methods for tuberculosis diagnosis: a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis

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dc.contributor.author Datta, Sumona
dc.contributor.author Shah, Lena
dc.contributor.author Gilman, Robert Hugh
dc.contributor.author Evans, Carlton Anthony William
dc.date.accessioned 2019-01-25T15:02:20Z
dc.date.available 2019-01-25T15:02:20Z
dc.date.issued 2017
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/4621
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: The performance of laboratory tests to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis is dependent on the quality of the sputum sample tested. The relative merits of sputum collection methods to improve tuberculosis diagnosis are poorly characterised. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of sputum collection methods on tuberculosis diagnosis. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether non-invasive sputum collection methods in people aged at least 12 years improve the diagnostic performance of laboratory testing for pulmonary tuberculosis. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase up to April 14, 2017, to identify relevant experimental, case-control, or cohort studies. We analysed data by pairwise meta-analyses with a random-effects model and by network meta-analysis. All diagnostic performance data were calculated at the sputum-sample level, except where authors only reported data at the individual patient-level. Heterogeneity was assessed, with potential causes identified by logistic meta-regression. FINDINGS: We identified 23 eligible studies published between 1959 and 2017, involving 8967 participants who provided 19 252 sputum samples. Brief, on-demand spot sputum collection was the main reference standard. Pooled sputum collection increased tuberculosis diagnosis by microscopy (odds ratio [OR] 1·6, 95% CI 1·3-1·9, p<0·0001) or culture (1·7, 1·2-2·4, p=0·01). Providing instructions to the patient before sputum collection, during observed collection, or together with physiotherapy assistance increased diagnostic performance by microscopy (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·3-2·0, p<0·0001). Collecting early morning sputum did not significantly increase diagnostic performance of microscopy (OR 1·5, 95% CI 0·9-2·6, p=0·2) or culture (1·4, 0·9-2·4, p=0·2). Network meta-analysis confirmed these findings, and revealed that both pooled and instructed spot sputum collections were similarly effective techniques for increasing the diagnostic performance of microscopy. INTERPRETATION: Tuberculosis diagnoses were substantially increased by either pooled collection or by providing instruction on how to produce a sputum sample taken at any time of the day. Both interventions had a similar effect to that reported for the introduction of new, expensive laboratory tests, and therefore warrant further exploration in the drive to end the global tuberculosis epidemic. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseries Lancet. Global health
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Humans en_US
dc.subject Microscopy en_US
dc.subject Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification en_US
dc.subject Network Meta-Analysis en_US
dc.subject Odds Ratio en_US
dc.subject Physical Therapy Modalities en_US
dc.subject Sensitivity and Specificity en_US
dc.subject Specimen Handling/methods en_US
dc.subject Sputum/microbiology en_US
dc.subject Time Factors en_US
dc.subject Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis en_US
dc.title Comparison of sputum collection methods for tuberculosis diagnosis: a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30201-2
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00
dc.relation.issn 2214-109X


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