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Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon

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dc.contributor.author Zorrilla, Victor
dc.contributor.author De Los Santos, Maxy B.
dc.contributor.author Espada, Liz
dc.contributor.author Santos, Rocío Del Pilar
dc.contributor.author Fernandez, Roberto
dc.contributor.author Urquia, Albino
dc.contributor.author Stoops, Craig A.
dc.contributor.author Ballard, Sarah-Blythe
dc.contributor.author Lescano Guevara, Andres Guillermo
dc.contributor.author Vásquez, Gissella M.
dc.contributor.author Valdivia, Hugo O.
dc.date.accessioned 2019-01-25T15:18:33Z
dc.date.available 2019-01-25T15:18:33Z
dc.date.issued 2017
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/4638
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important health problem in the New World affecting civilian and military populations that are frequently exposed in endemic settings. The Peruvian region of Madre de Dios located near the border with Brazil is one of the most endemic CL regions in South America with more than 4,451 reported cases between 2010 and 2015 according to the Peruvian epidemiology directorate. However, little is known regarding the diversity and distribution of sand fly vectors in this region. In this study, we aimed to characterize the sand fly fauna in this endemic setting and identify sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania possibly involved in pathogen transmission. METHODS: Sand fly collections were carried out during 2014 and 2015 in the communities of Flor de Acre, Villa Primavera, Mavila and Arca Pacahuara using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. Collected specimens were identified and non-blood-fed females were selected for Leishmania infection screening using kinetoplastid DNA-PCR (kDNA-PCR) and nested Real time PCR for species identification. RESULTS: A total of 10,897 phlebotomines belonging to the genus Lutzomyia (58 species) and Brumptomyia (2 species) were collected. Our study confirmed the widespread distribution and abundance of Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) spp. (24%), Lu. whitmani (19.4%) and Lu. yucumensis (15.8%) in the region. Analysis of Shannon diversity index indicates variability in sand fly composition across sites with Villa Primavera presenting the highest sand fly diversity and abundance. Leishmania screening by kDNA-PCR resulted in 45 positive pools collected from Flor de Acre (34 pools), Mavila (10 pools) and Arca Pacahuara (1 pool) and included 14 species: Lu. yucumensis, Lu. aragoi, Lu. sallesi, Lu. sherlocki, Lu. shawi, Lu. walkeri, Lu nevesi, Lu. migonei, Lu. davisi, Lu. carrerai, Lu. hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., Lu. llanosmartinsi and Lu. whitmani. Lutzomyia sherlocki, Lu. walkeri and Lu. llanosmartinsi had the highest infection rates (8%, 7% and 6%, respectively). We identified Leishmania guyanensis in two Lu. whitmani pools, and L. braziliensis in two Lu. llanosmartinsi pools and one Lu. davisi pool. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our collections there is high sand fly diversity in Madre de Dios, with differences in sand fly abundance and species composition across sites. We identified 14 sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania spp., having detected natural infection with L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in three sand fly species. These results suggest the presence of several potential vectors that vary in their spatial and geographical distribution, which could explain the high prevalence of CL cases in this region. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Public Library of Science
dc.relation.ispartofseries PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Animal Distribution/physiology en_US
dc.subject Animals en_US
dc.subject DNA, Protozoan/genetics/isolation & purification en_US
dc.subject Female en_US
dc.subject Host-Parasite Interactions en_US
dc.subject Leishmania/genetics/physiology en_US
dc.subject Male en_US
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject Psychodidae/parasitology en_US
dc.title Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006029
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn 1935-2735


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