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Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

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dc.contributor.author Liu, H.
dc.contributor.author Petukhova, M. V.
dc.contributor.author Sampson, N. A.
dc.contributor.author Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.
dc.contributor.author Alonso, J.
dc.contributor.author Andrade, L. H.
dc.contributor.author Bromet, E. J.
dc.contributor.author de Girolamo, G.
dc.contributor.author Haro, J. M.
dc.contributor.author Hinkov, H.
dc.contributor.author Kawakami, N.
dc.contributor.author Koenen, K. C.
dc.contributor.author Kovess-Masfety, V.
dc.contributor.author Lee, S.
dc.contributor.author Medina-Mora, M. E.
dc.contributor.author Navarro-Mateu, F.
dc.contributor.author O'Neill, S.
dc.contributor.author Piazza Ferrand, Marina Julia
dc.contributor.author Posada-Villa, J.
dc.contributor.author Scott, K. M.
dc.contributor.author Shahly, V.
dc.contributor.author Stein, D. J.
dc.contributor.author ten Have, M.
dc.contributor.author Torres, Y.
dc.contributor.author Gureje, O.
dc.contributor.author Zaslavsky, A. M.
dc.contributor.author Kessler, R. C.
dc.contributor.author WHO World Mental Health Survey
dc.date.accessioned 2019-01-25T16:36:28Z
dc.date.available 2019-01-25T16:36:28Z
dc.date.issued 2017
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/4836
dc.description.abstract IMPORTANCE: Previous research has documented significant variation in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depending on the type of traumatic experience (TE) and history of TE exposure, but the relatively small sample sizes in these studies resulted in a number of unresolved basic questions. OBJECTIVE: To examine disaggregated associations of type of TE history with PTSD in a large cross-national community epidemiologic data set. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The World Health Organization World Mental Health surveys assessed 29 TE types (lifetime exposure, age at first exposure) with DSM-IV PTSD that was associated with 1 randomly selected TE exposure (the random TE) for each respondent. Surveys were administered in 20 countries (n = 34 676 respondents) from 2001 to 2012. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2015, to September 1, 2016. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prevalence of PTSD assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Among the 34 676 respondents (55.4% [SE, 0.6%] men and 44.6%[SE, 0.6%] women; mean [SE] age, 43.7 [0.2] years), lifetime TE exposure was reported by a weighted 70.3% of respondents (mean [SE] number of exposures, 4.5 [0.04] among respondents with any TE). Weighted (by TE frequency) prevalence of PTSD associated with random TEs was 4.0%. Odds ratios (ORs) of PTSD were elevated for TEs involving sexual violence (2.7; 95% CI, 2.0-3.8) and witnessing atrocities (4.2; 95% CI, 1.0-17.8). Prior exposure to some, but not all, same-type TEs was associated with increased vulnerability (eg, physical assault; OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-7.9) or resilience (eg, participation in sectarian violence; OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9) to PTSD after the random TE. The finding of earlier studies that more general history of TE exposure was associated with increased vulnerability to PTSD across the full range of random TE types was replicated, but this generalized vulnerability was limited to prior TEs involving violence, including participation in organized violence (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.6), experience of physical violence (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7), rape (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.8), and other sexual assault (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The World Mental Health survey findings advance understanding of the extent to which PTSD risk varies with the type of TE and history of TE exposure. Previous findings about the elevated PTSD risk associated with TEs involving assaultive violence was refined by showing agreement only for repeated occurrences. Some types of prior TE exposures are associated with increased resilience rather than increased vulnerability, connecting the literature on TE history with the literature on resilience after adversity. These results are valuable in providing an empirical rationale for more focused investigations of these specifications in future studies. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher American Medical Association
dc.relation.ispartofseries JAMA Psychiatry
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject adult en_US
dc.subject Psychiatry en_US
dc.subject prevalence en_US
dc.subject exposure en_US
dc.subject risk-factors en_US
dc.subject ptsd en_US
dc.subject events en_US
dc.subject childhood adversities en_US
dc.subject hidden price en_US
dc.subject psychopathology en_US
dc.subject sexual revictimization en_US
dc.subject national comorbidity survey en_US
dc.title Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3783
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.24
dc.relation.issn 2168-6238


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