Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys

Ciutan, M.; Koenen, K. C.; Gureje, O.; Huang, Y.; Sampson, N.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Piazza Ferrand, Marina Julia; Navarro-Mateu, F.; Bromet, E. J.; Haro, J. M.; de Girolamo, G.; Karam, E. G.; Torres, Y.; Kawakami, N.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Atwoli, L.; McLaughlin, K. A.; Bunting, B.; Ng, L.; Scott, K.; Lee, S.; Degenhardt, L.; Pennell, B. E.; Kessler, R. C.; Xavier, M.; Lim, C. C. W.; ten Have, M.; Williams, D.; Benjet, C.; WHO World Mental Health Survey; Stein, D. J.; Alonso, J.; Viana, M. C.; Ruscio, A. M.; Ratanatharathorn, A.; Petukhova, M.

dc.contributor.author	Koenen, K. C.
dc.contributor.author	Ratanatharathorn, A.
dc.contributor.author	Ng, L.
dc.contributor.author	McLaughlin, K. A.
dc.contributor.author	Bromet, E. J.
dc.contributor.author	Stein, D. J.
dc.contributor.author	Karam, E. G.
dc.contributor.author	Ruscio, A. M.
dc.contributor.author	Benjet, C.
dc.contributor.author	Scott, K.
dc.contributor.author	Atwoli, L.
dc.contributor.author	Petukhova, M.
dc.contributor.author	Lim, C. C. W.
dc.contributor.author	Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.
dc.contributor.author	Al-Hamzawi, A.
dc.contributor.author	Alonso, J.
dc.contributor.author	Bunting, B.
dc.contributor.author	Ciutan, M.
dc.contributor.author	de Girolamo, G.
dc.contributor.author	Degenhardt, L.
dc.contributor.author	Gureje, O.
dc.contributor.author	Haro, J. M.
dc.contributor.author	Huang, Y.
dc.contributor.author	Kawakami, N.
dc.contributor.author	Lee, S.
dc.contributor.author	Navarro-Mateu, F.
dc.contributor.author	Pennell, B. E.
dc.contributor.author	Piazza Ferrand, Marina Julia
dc.contributor.author	Sampson, N.
dc.contributor.author	ten Have, M.
dc.contributor.author	Torres, Y.
dc.contributor.author	Viana, M. C.
dc.contributor.author	Williams, D.
dc.contributor.author	Xavier, M.
dc.contributor.author	Kessler, R. C.
dc.contributor.author	WHO World Mental Health Survey
dc.date.accessioned	2019-01-25T16:36:29Z
dc.date.available	2019-01-25T16:36:29Z
dc.date.issued	2017
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/4856
dc.description.abstract	Background. Traumatic events are common globally; however, comprehensive population-based cross-national data on the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the paradigmatic trauma-related mental disorder, are lacking. Methods. Data were analyzed from 26 population surveys in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. A total of 71 083 respondents ages 18+ participated. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed exposure to traumatic events as well as 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime PTSD. Respondents were also assessed for treatment in the 12 months preceding the survey. Age of onset distributions were examined by country income level. Associations of PTSD were examined with country income, world region, and respondent demographics. Results. The cross-national lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 3.9% in the total sample and 5.6% among the trauma exposed. Half of respondents with PTSD reported persistent symptoms. Treatment seeking in high-income countries (53.5%) was roughly double that in low-lower middle income (22.8%) and upper-middle income (28.7%) countries. Social disadvantage, including younger age, female sex, being unmarried, being less educated, having lower household income, and being unemployed, was associated with increased risk of lifetime PTSD among the trauma exposed. Conclusions. PTSD is prevalent cross-nationally, with half of all global cases being persistent. Only half of those with severe PTSD report receiving any treatment and only a minority receive specialty mental health care. Striking disparities in PTSD treatment exist by country income level. Increasing access to effective treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries, remains critical for reducing the population burden of PTSD.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	Cambridge University Press
dc.relation.ispartofseries	Psychological Medicine
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject	Epidemiology	en_US
dc.subject	treatment	en_US
dc.subject	Psychiatry	en_US
dc.subject	united-states	en_US
dc.subject	Psychology	en_US
dc.subject	trauma	en_US
dc.subject	controlled-trial	en_US
dc.subject	events	en_US
dc.subject	psychiatric-disorders	en_US
dc.subject	age-of-onset	en_US
dc.subject	dsm-iv disorders	en_US
dc.subject	International	en_US
dc.subject	lifetime prevalence	en_US
dc.subject	national comorbidity survey	en_US
dc.subject	Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)	en_US
dc.subject	predicting ptsd	en_US
dc.subject	sex-differences	en_US
dc.subject	traumatic	en_US
dc.title	Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000708
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.01.00
dc.relation.issn	1469-8978