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Population Genetics of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon

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dc.contributor.author Delgado Ratto, Christopher
dc.contributor.author Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia Baziliza
dc.contributor.author Soto-Calle, Veronica-E.
dc.contributor.author Van-den-Eede, Peter
dc.contributor.author Torres, Eliana
dc.contributor.author Sanchez-Martinez, Luis
dc.contributor.author Contreras-Mancilla, Juan
dc.contributor.author Rosanas-Urgell, Anna
dc.contributor.author Rodriguez-Ferrucci, Hugo
dc.contributor.author Llanos Cuentas, Elmer Alejandro
dc.contributor.author Erhart, Annette
dc.contributor.author Van-Geertruyden, Jean-Pierre
dc.contributor.author D'Alessandro, Umberto
dc.date.accessioned 2019-02-06T14:45:12Z
dc.date.available 2019-02-06T14:45:12Z
dc.date.issued 2016
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/5053
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: Characterizing the parasite dynamics and population structure provides useful information to understand the dynamic of transmission and to better target control interventions. Despite considerable efforts for its control, vivax malaria remains a major health problem in Peru. In this study, we have explored the population genetics of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Iquitos, the main city in the Peruvian Amazon, and 25 neighbouring peri-urban as well as rural villages along the Iquitos-Nauta Road. METHODOLOGY/ RESULTS: From April to December 2008, 292 P. vivax isolates were collected and successfully genotyped using 14 neutral microsatellites. Analysis of the molecular data revealed a similar proportion of monoclonal and polyclonal infections in urban areas, while in rural areas monoclonal infections were predominant (p = 0.002). Multiplicity of infection was higher in urban (MOI = 1.5-2) compared to rural areas (MOI = 1) (p = 0.003). The level of genetic diversity was similar in all areas (He = 0.66-0.76, p = 0.32) though genetic differentiation between areas was substantial (PHIPT = 0.17, p<0.0001). Principal coordinate analysis showed a marked differentiation between parasites from urban and rural areas. Linkage disequilibrium was detected in all the areas ([Formula: see text] = 0.08-0.49, for all p<0.0001). Gene flow among the areas was stablished through Bayesian analysis of migration models. Recent bottleneck events were detected in 4 areas and a recent parasite expansion in one of the isolated areas. In total, 87 unique haplotypes grouped in 2 or 3 genetic clusters described a sub-structured parasite population. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study shows a sub-structured parasite population with clonal propagation, with most of its components recently affected by bottleneck events. Iquitos city is the main source of parasite spreading for all the peripheral study areas. The routes of transmission and gene flow and the reduction of the parasite population described are important from the public health perspective as well for the formulation of future control policies. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Public Library of Science
dc.relation.ispartofseries PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Genetic Linkage en_US
dc.subject Genetic Variation en_US
dc.subject Genotype en_US
dc.subject Microsatellite Repeats/genetics en_US
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject Plasmodium vivax/genetics en_US
dc.title Population Genetics of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004376
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn 1935-2735


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