Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Peru

Vinetz, Joseph Michael; Rodriguez, Hugo; Moreno, Marta; Silva, Hermann; Lescano Guevara, Andres Guillermo; Llanos Cuentas, Elmer Alejandro; Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia Baziliza; Sanchez, Juan-F.; Rosas-Aguirre, Angel; Manrique Valverde, Paulo Cesar; Conn, Jan-E.

dc.contributor.author	Rosas-Aguirre, Angel
dc.contributor.author	Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia Baziliza
dc.contributor.author	Manrique Valverde, Paulo Cesar
dc.contributor.author	Conn, Jan-E.
dc.contributor.author	Moreno, Marta
dc.contributor.author	Lescano Guevara, Andres Guillermo
dc.contributor.author	Sanchez, Juan-F.
dc.contributor.author	Rodriguez, Hugo
dc.contributor.author	Silva, Hermann
dc.contributor.author	Llanos Cuentas, Elmer Alejandro
dc.contributor.author	Vinetz, Joseph Michael
dc.date.accessioned	2019-02-06T14:45:58Z
dc.date.available	2019-02-06T14:45:58Z
dc.date.issued	2016
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/5153
dc.description.abstract	Malaria in Peru, dominated by Plasmodium vivax, remains a public health problem. The 1990s saw newly epidemic malaria emerge, primarily in the Loreto Department in the Amazon region, including areas near to Iquitos, the capital city, but sporadic malaria transmission also occurred in the 1990s–2000s in both north-coastal Peru and the gold mining regions of southeastern Peru. Although a Global Fund-supported intervention (PAMAFRO, 2005–2010) was temporally associated with a decrease of malaria transmission, from 2012 to the present, both P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases have rapidly increased. The Peruvian Ministry of Health continues to provide artemesinin-based combination therapy for microscopy-confirmed cases of P. falciparum and chloroquine–primaquine for P. vivax. Malaria transmission continues in remote areas nonetheless, where the mobility of humans and parasites facilitates continued reintroduction outside of ongoing surveillance activities, which is critical to address for future malaria control and elimination efforts. Ongoing P. vivax research gaps in Peru include the following: identification of asymptomatic parasitemics, quantification of the contribution of patent and subpatent parasitemics to mosquito transmission, diagnosis of nonparasitemic hypnozoite carriers, and implementation of surveillance for potential emergence of chloroquine- and 8-aminoquinoline-resistant P. vivax. Clinical trials of tafenoquine in Peru have been promising, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the region has not been observed to be a limitation to its use. Larger-scale challenges for P. vivax (and malaria in general) in Peru include logistical difficulties in accessing remote riverine populations, consequences of government policy and poverty trends, and obtaining international funding for malaria control and elimination.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
dc.relation.ispartofseries	American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH Journal)
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject	Plasmodium vivax/genetics	en_US
dc.subject	Animals	en_US
dc.subject	Anopheles/parasitology/physiology	en_US
dc.subject	Antimalarials/administration & dosage/therapeutic use	en_US
dc.subject	Endemic Diseases	en_US
dc.subject	Humans	en_US
dc.subject	Incidence	en_US
dc.subject	Insect Vectors	en_US
dc.subject	Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology	en_US
dc.subject	Peru/epidemiology	en_US
dc.subject	Pharmacogenomic Variants	en_US
dc.subject	Public Health	en_US
dc.subject	Time Factors	en_US
dc.title	Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Peru	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0268
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn	1476-1645