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Reforestation with four native tree species after abandoned gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon

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dc.contributor.author Román-Dañobeytia, F.
dc.contributor.author Huayllani, M.
dc.contributor.author Michi, A.
dc.contributor.author Ibarra, F.
dc.contributor.author Loayza Muro, Raul Augusto
dc.contributor.author Vázquez, T.
dc.contributor.author Rodríguez, L.
dc.contributor.author García, M.
dc.date.accessioned 2019-02-22T14:55:02Z
dc.date.available 2019-02-22T14:55:02Z
dc.date.issued 2015
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/5721
dc.description.abstract Global demand for gold has led to a massive increase in mining activity around the world. During the last decade, gold mining grew significantly in the Amazon becoming a major driver for land degradation and heavy metal contamination. However, few studies have explored soil degradation, reforestation, and plant mercury accumulation after mining operations. In this study, we established a reforestation field experiment in a gold mined area. We tested the outcome of planting seedlings of four native tree species previously grown in nursery polyethylene bags versus planting bare root seedlings, as well as the effect of three levels of biofertilization on seedling survival and growth. Previous to the experiment, we evaluated the level of soil degradation by comparing physical and chemical soil properties between the mined area and the nearest undisturbed reference forest. One year after planting, we also sampled roots, stems, and leaves of the planted species in order to detect possible mercury (Hg) accumulation in plant tissues. Our results revealed that soil texture becomes disproportionately sandy, while organic matter content and cation exchange capacity were seven- and three-fold lower in the mined area than in the reference forest, respectively. Seedling survivorship and growth varied across planting methods, biofertilization intensity, and species. Even in the bare root planting technique seedling survivorship was highly acceptable (75%) and increased with transplanting (83%) and the addition of biofertilizer (92%). Although seedling growth was improved significantly by the addition of diluted and pure biofertilizer, overall growth was found to be poor. Two individuals - distant from each other - out of a total of 60 sampled, showed traces of total Hg. A stem from Ceiba registered 8.52. mg Hg/kg and the roots of an Erythrina presented 0.60. mg Hg/kg. Total estimates of reforestation costs ranged between $1662 and $3464 per hectare in year 1. Poor soil fertility, slow species growth rates, and traces of Hg in plant tissues indicate that remediation and restoration in areas degraded by gold mining can be very challenging. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseries Ecological Engineering
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject Phytoremediation en_US
dc.subject Histology en_US
dc.subject Forestry en_US
dc.subject Mercury en_US
dc.subject Gold en_US
dc.subject Abandoned gold mining en_US
dc.subject abandoned land en_US
dc.subject Amazon rain forest en_US
dc.subject Amazon rainforest en_US
dc.subject Amazonas [Peru] en_US
dc.subject biofertilizer en_US
dc.subject Bioremediation en_US
dc.subject Cation exchange capacities en_US
dc.subject Ceiba en_US
dc.subject Cost benefit analysis en_US
dc.subject Degradation en_US
dc.subject Economic geology en_US
dc.subject geoaccumulation en_US
dc.subject gold mine en_US
dc.subject Gold mines en_US
dc.subject Heavy metal contamination en_US
dc.subject Heavy metals en_US
dc.subject land degradation en_US
dc.subject Madre de dios en_US
dc.subject Madre de Dios en_US
dc.subject mercury (element) en_US
dc.subject Mercury (metal) en_US
dc.subject native species en_US
dc.subject Organic matter content en_US
dc.subject Physical and chemical soil properties en_US
dc.subject phytoremediation en_US
dc.subject plantation en_US
dc.subject Plants (botany) en_US
dc.subject pollution effect en_US
dc.subject reforestation en_US
dc.subject Reforestation en_US
dc.subject Seed en_US
dc.subject silviculture en_US
dc.subject Silviculture costs en_US
dc.subject soil degradation en_US
dc.subject soil fertility en_US
dc.subject Soil pollution en_US
dc.subject Soil pollution control en_US
dc.subject Soils en_US
dc.subject Tissue en_US
dc.title Reforestation with four native tree species after abandoned gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.09.075
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.13
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.07.00
dc.relation.issn 1872-6992


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