Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples from Rural Andean Households in Cajamarca, Peru

Verástegui Huasasquiche, Héctor Alfredo; Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela; Larson, Anika; Riveros Ramirez, Maribel Denise; Hartinger Peña, Stella Maria; Mäusezahl, Daniel; Huaylinos Bustamante, Maria Luisa; Hattendorf, Jan

dc.contributor.author	Larson, Anika
dc.contributor.author	Hartinger Peña, Stella Maria
dc.contributor.author	Riveros Ramirez, Maribel Denise
dc.contributor.author	Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela
dc.contributor.author	Hattendorf, Jan
dc.contributor.author	Verástegui Huasasquiche, Héctor Alfredo
dc.contributor.author	Huaylinos Bustamante, Maria Luisa
dc.contributor.author	Mäusezahl, Daniel
dc.date.accessioned	2019-07-04T16:59:19Z
dc.date.available	2019-07-04T16:59:19Z
dc.date.issued	2019
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/6721
dc.description.abstract	Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a serious public health issue. The growing threat is a cause for concern and action to prevent the emergence of new resistant strains and the spread of existing ones to humans via the environment. This study aimed at identifying fecal pathogens in drinking water obtained from rural Andean households from Cajamarca, Peru, and measuring the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli. The study was embedded within a community-randomized controlled trial among 102 communities in the northern highlands of the Cajamarca region, Peru. Of 314 samples, 55.4% (95% CI [49.7, 61.0], n = 174) were identified as thermotolerant coliforms. Among the samples positive for thermotolerant coliform, E. coli was isolated in 37.3% (n = 117), Klebsiella spp. in 8.0% (n = 25), Enterobacter spp. in 5.1% (n = 16), and Citrobacter spp. in 2.5% (n = 8). Of the 117 E. coli samples, 48.7% (95% CI [39.4, 58.1], n = 57) showed resistance to any antibiotic. The E. coli antibiotic resistance profile showed highest resistance against tetracycline (37.6%), ampicillin (34.2%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (21.4%), and nalidixic acid (13%). Some 19.7% (95% CI [12.9, 28.0], n = 23) of the E. coli isolates displayed multidrug resistance, defined as resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics. The CTX-M-3 gene, which encodes extended-spectrum resistance to beta-lactamase antibiotics, was found in one isolate. The high prevalence of fecal contamination in drinking water highlights the importance of household water treatment methods. Likewise, the high levels of antibiotic resistance found indicate a need for further research to identify the origins of potential environmental contamination, misuse, or inadequate disposal of antibiotics.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
dc.relation.ispartofseries	American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH Journal)
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	Antibiotic resistance	en_US
dc.subject	pathogenic bacteria	en_US
dc.subject	public health	en_US
dc.subject	fecal pathogens	en_US
dc.subject	drinking water	en_US
dc.subject	household rural	en_US
dc.subject	Peruvian Andean	en_US
dc.title	Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples from Rural Andean Households in Cajamarca, Peru	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/review
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0776
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn	1476-1645