Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Rickettsia and Leptospira Infection in Four Ecologically Distinct Regions of Peru

Razuri, Hugo R.; Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela; Kasper, Matthew; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Loyola Sosa, Steev Orlando; Leguia, Mariana; Canal, Luis Enrique; Simons, Mark P.; Bausch, Daniel G.; Richards, Allen L.; Silva, Maria

dc.contributor.author	Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela
dc.contributor.author	Simons, Mark P.
dc.contributor.author	Flores-Mendoza, Carmen
dc.contributor.author	Loyola Sosa, Steev Orlando
dc.contributor.author	Silva, Maria
dc.contributor.author	Kasper, Matthew
dc.contributor.author	Razuri, Hugo R.
dc.contributor.author	Canal, Luis Enrique
dc.contributor.author	Leguia, Mariana
dc.contributor.author	Bausch, Daniel G.
dc.contributor.author	Richards, Allen L.
dc.date.accessioned	2019-07-04T17:00:24Z
dc.date.available	2019-07-04T17:00:24Z
dc.date.issued	2019
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/6902
dc.description.abstract	Rickettsia and Leptospira spp. are under-recognized causes of acute febrile disease worldwide. Rickettsia species are often placed into the spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and typhus group rickettsiae (TGR). We explored the antibody prevalence among humans for these two groups of rickettsiae in four regions of Peru (Lima, Cusco, Puerto Maldonado, and Tumbes) and for Leptospira spp. in Puerto Maldonado and Tumbes. We also assessed risk factors for seropositivity and collected serum samples and ectoparasites from peri-domestic animals from households in sites with high human seroprevalence. In total, we tested 2,165 human sera for antibodies (IgG) against SFGR and TGR by ELISA and for antibodies against Leptospira by a microscopic agglutination test. Overall, human antibody prevalence across the four sites was 10.6% for SFGR (ranging from 6.2% to 14.0%, highest in Tumbes) and 3.3% for TGR (ranging from 2.6% to 6.4%, highest in Puerto Maldonado). Factors associated with seroreactivity against SFGR were male gender, older age, contact with backyard birds, and working in agriculture or with livestock. However, exposure to any kind of animal within the household decreased the odds ratio by half. Age was the only variable associated with higher TGR seroprevalence. The prevalence of Leptospira was 11.3% in Puerto Maldonado and 5.8% in Tumbes, with a borderline association with keeping animals in the household. We tested animal sera for Leptospira and conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Rickettsia species among ectoparasites collected from domestic animals in 63 households of seropositive participants and controls. We did not find any association between animal infection and human serostatus.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
dc.relation.ispartofseries	American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH Journal)
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	Rickettsia	en_US
dc.subject	Leptospira spp.	en_US
dc.subject	acute febrile disease/risk factors	en_US
dc.title	Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Rickettsia and Leptospira Infection in Four Ecologically Distinct Regions of Peru	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/review
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0029
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn	1476-1645