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Sexual reproduction in a natural Trypanosoma cruzi population

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dc.contributor.author Berry, Alexander S. F.
dc.contributor.author Salazar Sánchez, Renzo Sadath
dc.contributor.author Castillo Neyra, Ricardo
dc.contributor.author Borrini-Mayori, Katty
dc.contributor.author Chipana-Ramos, Claudia
dc.contributor.author Vargas-Maquera, Melina
dc.contributor.author Ancca-Juarez, Jenny
dc.contributor.author Naquira Velarde, Cesar Gabriel
dc.contributor.author Levy, Michael Z.
dc.contributor.author Brisson, Dustin
dc.date.accessioned 2019-07-04T17:00:24Z
dc.date.available 2019-07-04T17:00:24Z
dc.date.issued 2019
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/6903
dc.description.abstract Background: Sexual reproduction provides an evolutionary advantageous mechanism that combines favorable mutations that have arisen in separate lineages into the same individual. This advantage is especially pronounced in microparasites as allelic reassortment among individuals caused by sexual reproduction promotes allelic diversity at immune evasion genes within individuals which is often essential to evade host immune systems. Despite these advantages, many eukaryotic microparasites exhibit highly-clonal population structures suggesting that genetic exchange through sexual reproduction is rare. Evidence supporting clonality is particularly convincing in the causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, despite equally convincing evidence of the capacity to engage in sexual reproduction. Methodology/ Principle Findings: In the present study, we investigated two hypotheses that can reconcile the apparent contradiction between the observed clonal population structure and the capacity to engage in sexual reproduction by analyzing the genome sequences of 123 T. cruzi isolates from a natural population in Arequipa, Peru. The distribution of polymorphic markers within and among isolates provides clear evidence of the occurrence of sexual reproduction. Large genetic segments are rearranged among chromosomes due to crossing over during meiosis leading to a decay in the genetic linkage among polymorphic markers compared to the expectations from a purely asexually-reproducing population. Nevertheless, the population structure appears clonal due to a high level of inbreeding during sexual reproduction which increases homozygosity, and thus reduces diversity, within each inbreeding lineage. Conclusions/ Significance: These results effectively reconcile the apparent contradiction by demonstrating that the clonal population structure is derived not from infrequent sex in natural populations but from high levels of inbreeding. We discuss epidemiological consequences of this reproductive strategy on genome evolution, population structure, and phenotypic diversity of this medically important parasite. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Public Library of Science
dc.relation.ispartofseries PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Article en_US
dc.subject Chagas disease en_US
dc.subject Chagas Disease en_US
dc.subject clonal variation en_US
dc.subject DNA extraction en_US
dc.subject gene conversion en_US
dc.subject gene mapping en_US
dc.subject gene mutation en_US
dc.subject gene sequence en_US
dc.subject genetic analysis en_US
dc.subject genetic linkage en_US
dc.subject genetic variability en_US
dc.subject genetics en_US
dc.subject genome en_US
dc.subject Genome, Protozoan en_US
dc.subject genomic DNA en_US
dc.subject genotype en_US
dc.subject Genotype en_US
dc.subject genotyping technique en_US
dc.subject growth, development and aging en_US
dc.subject heterozygosity en_US
dc.subject homozygosity en_US
dc.subject human en_US
dc.subject Humans en_US
dc.subject immune evasion en_US
dc.subject inbreeding en_US
dc.subject meiotic recombination en_US
dc.subject microparasite en_US
dc.subject nonhuman en_US
dc.subject parasitology en_US
dc.subject phenotype en_US
dc.subject phylogeny en_US
dc.subject physiology en_US
dc.subject point mutation en_US
dc.subject reproduction en_US
dc.subject Reproduction en_US
dc.subject single nucleotide polymorphism en_US
dc.subject Triatoma infestans en_US
dc.subject Trypanosoma cruzi en_US
dc.subject whole genome sequencing en_US
dc.title Sexual reproduction in a natural Trypanosoma cruzi population en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007392
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn 1935-2735


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