Gender Stereotypes of Personality: Universal and Accurate?

De Fruyt, Filip; Terracciano, Antonio; Costa, Paul T.; Siuta, Jerzy; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Brunner-Sciarra, Marina; Chan, Wayne; Yamaguchi, Mami; Ahn, Chang-kyu; Crawford, Jarret T.; Knežević, Goran; Smith, Peter B.; Graf, Sylvie; Allik, Jüri; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Nansubuga, Florence; Halberstadt, Jamin; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Shakespeare-Finch, Jane; Sutin, Angelina R.; Löckenhoff, Corinna E.; Alcalay, Lidia; Benet-Martínez, Veronica; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Leibovich de Figueora, Nora; Schmidt, Vanina; Rolland, Jean-Pierre; Ficková, Emília; Jussim, Lee; Sekowski, Andrzej; De Bolle, Marleen; Pramila, V.S.S.; Hřebíčková, Martina; Wang, Lei; Lima, MargaridaP.; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Rossier, Jerome; McCrae, Robert R.; Marušić, Iris; Cain, Thomas R.; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Martin, Thomas A.; Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.; Simonetti, Franco; Bratko, Dennis; Realo, Anu; Yik, Michelle; Szmigielska, Barbara; Ahn, Hyun-nie

dc.contributor.author	Löckenhoff, Corinna E.
dc.contributor.author	Chan, Wayne
dc.contributor.author	McCrae, Robert R.
dc.contributor.author	De Fruyt, Filip
dc.contributor.author	Jussim, Lee
dc.contributor.author	De Bolle, Marleen
dc.contributor.author	Costa, Paul T.
dc.contributor.author	Sutin, Angelina R.
dc.contributor.author	Realo, Anu
dc.contributor.author	Allik, Jüri
dc.contributor.author	Nakazato, Katsuharu
dc.contributor.author	Shimonaka, Yoshiko
dc.contributor.author	Hřebíčková, Martina
dc.contributor.author	Graf, Sylvie
dc.contributor.author	Yik, Michelle
dc.contributor.author	Ficková, Emília
dc.contributor.author	Brunner-Sciarra, Marina
dc.contributor.author	Leibovich de Figueora, Nora
dc.contributor.author	Schmidt, Vanina
dc.contributor.author	Ahn, Chang-kyu
dc.contributor.author	Ahn, Hyun-nie
dc.contributor.author	Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.
dc.contributor.author	Siuta, Jerzy
dc.contributor.author	Szmigielska, Barbara
dc.contributor.author	Cain, Thomas R.
dc.contributor.author	Crawford, Jarret T.
dc.contributor.author	Mastor, Khairul Anwar
dc.contributor.author	Rolland, Jean-Pierre
dc.contributor.author	Nansubuga, Florence
dc.contributor.author	Miramontez, Daniel R.
dc.contributor.author	Benet-Martínez, Veronica
dc.contributor.author	Rossier, Jerome
dc.contributor.author	Bratko, Dennis
dc.contributor.author	Marušić, Iris
dc.contributor.author	Halberstadt, Jamin
dc.contributor.author	Yamaguchi, Mami
dc.contributor.author	Knežević, Goran
dc.contributor.author	Martin, Thomas A.
dc.contributor.author	Gheorghiu, Mirona
dc.contributor.author	Smith, Peter B.
dc.contributor.author	Barbaranelli, Claudio
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Lei
dc.contributor.author	Shakespeare-Finch, Jane
dc.contributor.author	Lima, MargaridaP.
dc.contributor.author	Klinkosz, Waldemar
dc.contributor.author	Sekowski, Andrzej
dc.contributor.author	Alcalay, Lidia
dc.contributor.author	Simonetti, Franco
dc.contributor.author	Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.
dc.contributor.author	Pramila, V.S.S.
dc.contributor.author	Terracciano, Antonio
dc.date.accessioned	2020-06-10T18:12:15Z
dc.date.available	2020-06-10T18:12:15Z
dc.date.issued	2014
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/8076
dc.description.abstract	Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well-defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	SAGE Publications
dc.relation.ispartofseries	Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject	personality	en_US
dc.subject	developmental: child/adolescent	en_US
dc.subject	developmental: elderly	en_US
dc.subject	gender/sex roles	en_US
dc.title	Gender Stereotypes of Personality: Universal and Accurate?	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113520075
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.01.00
dc.relation.issn	1552-5422