Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Circulating nutrient concentrations in free-ranging Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in Punta San Juan, Peru

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dc.contributor.author Colchao, Paulo
dc.contributor.author Adkesson, Michael J.
dc.contributor.author Allender, Matthew C.
dc.contributor.author Fascetti, Andrea J.
dc.contributor.author Cardeña, Marco
dc.contributor.author Cardenas Alayza, Susana
dc.contributor.author Dierenfeld, Ellen S.
dc.contributor.author Deem, Sharon L.
dc.date.accessioned 2020-07-14T00:01:05Z
dc.date.available 2020-07-14T00:01:05Z
dc.date.issued 2020
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/8267
dc.description.abstract Free-ranging Humboldt penguin (HP, Spheniscus humboldti) populations are under pressure from resource competition with industrial fisheries, habitat loss, and El Niño Southern Oscillation events. Foraging patterns for this top marine predator change during periods of aberrant oceanographic conditions and scarce fish stock numbers. These radical dietary fluctuations can lead to poor fertility, early embryonic death, poor hatchability, suppressed immune function, high chick mortality, and illness. To understand the variability of nutrient status in reproductive seasons, we measured select circulating nutrient concentrations (fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, and electrolytes) of 105 HP at Punta San Juan, Peru during the first reproductive seasons of 2007 and 2008. We determined significant differences in nutrient status between sexes, years of sampling, and reproductive stages. Males (4.5 ± 0.38 kg) weighed more than females (4.0 ± 0.29 kg) and exhibited higher concentrations of vitamin A (0.71 ± 0.11 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12 µg/ml) and docosahexaenoic acid (6.70 ± 1.61 vs. 5.65 ± 1.59%). Males also displayed lower concentrations of β-carotene (0.01 ± 0.01 vs. 0.012 ± 0.001 µg/ml) and phosphorus (3.43 ± 0.83 vs. 4.40 ± 1.66 mg/dl). Comparison between the 2 years showed most circulating amino acid concentrations were higher in 2007. Significant differences in circulating amino acids and vitamins were also noted between different reproductive stages. These results demonstrate concentrations of nutrients can vary due to the physiological state of the animal, as well as the overall dynamics of their marine ecosystem habitat. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Wiley
dc.relation.ispartofseries Zoo Biology
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject fatty acid en_US
dc.subject amino acid en_US
dc.subject electrolytes en_US
dc.subject fat-soluble vitamin en_US
dc.subject minerals en_US
dc.title Circulating nutrient concentrations in free-ranging Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in Punta San Juan, Peru en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21540
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.11
dc.relation.issn 1098-2361


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