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A First Plasmodium vivax Natural Infection Induces Increased Activity of the Interferon Gamma-Driven Tryptophan Catabolism Pathway

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dc.contributor.author Dos Santos, Rafaella Oliveira
dc.contributor.author da Cruz, Maria Geuziane Soares
dc.contributor.author Lopes, Stefanie Costa Pinto
dc.contributor.author Oliveira, Lucas Barbosa
dc.contributor.author Nogueira, Paulo Afonso
dc.contributor.author Lima, Emerson Silva
dc.contributor.author Soares, Irene Silva
dc.contributor.author Kano, Flora Satiko
dc.contributor.author de Carvalho, Andréa Teixeira
dc.contributor.author Costa, Fabio Trindade Maranhão
dc.contributor.author Ganoza Gallardo, Christian Alejandro
dc.contributor.author de Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimarães
dc.contributor.author Lalwani, Pritesh
dc.date.accessioned 2020-07-14T00:01:08Z
dc.date.available 2020-07-14T00:01:08Z
dc.date.issued 2020
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/8280
dc.description.abstract The human immune response that controls Plasmodium infection in the liver and blood stages of the parasite life cycle is composed by both pro- and anti-inflammatory programs. Pro-inflammatory responses primarily mediated by IFN-γ controls the infection, but also induce tolerogenic mechanisms to limit host damage, including the tryptophan (TRP) catabolism pathway mediated by the enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO1), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of TRP to kynurenines (KYN). Here we assessed total serum kynurenines and cytokine dynamics in a cohort of natural Plasmodium vivax human infection and compared them to those of endemic healthy controls and other febrile diseases. In acute malaria, the absolute free kynurenine (KYN) serum levels and the KYN to TRP (KYN/TRP) ratio were significantly elevated in patients compared to healthy controls. Individuals with a diagnosis of a first malaria episode had higher serum KYN levels than individuals with a previous malaria episode. We observed an inverse relationship between the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in patients with a first malaria episode compared to those of subjects with previous history of malaria. Kynurenine elevation was positively correlated with serum IFN-γ levels in acute infection, whereas, it was negatively correlated with parasite load and P. vivax LDH levels. Overall, the differences observed between infected individuals depended on the number of Plasmodium infections. The decrease in the KYN/TRP ratio in malaria-experienced subjects coincided with the onset of anti-P. vivax IgG. These results suggest that P. vivax infection induces a strong anti-inflammatory program in individuals with first time malaria, which fades with ensuing protective immunity after subsequent episodes. Understanding the tolerance mechanisms involved in the initial exposure would help in defining the balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses necessary to control infection and to improve vaccination strategies. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Frontiers Media
dc.relation.ispartofseries Frontiers in Microbiology
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject inflammation en_US
dc.subject 3- Dioxygenase 1 en_US
dc.subject IFN-γ en_US
dc.subject Indoleamine 2 en_US
dc.subject kynurenine en_US
dc.subject Plasmodium en_US
dc.subject tryptophan en_US
dc.title A First Plasmodium vivax Natural Infection Induces Increased Activity of the Interferon Gamma-Driven Tryptophan Catabolism Pathway en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00400
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.01
dc.relation.issn 1664-302X


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