Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

CKD and CKDu in northern Peru: a cross-sectional analysis under the DEGREE protocol

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dc.contributor.author Ruiz-Alejos, Andrea
dc.contributor.author Caplin, Ben
dc.contributor.author Miranda, J. Jaime
dc.contributor.author Pearce, Neil
dc.contributor.author Bernabé Ortiz, Antonio
dc.date.accessioned 2021-04-13T20:50:58Z
dc.date.available 2021-04-13T20:50:58Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/9111
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: This study estimated the prevalence and risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in those without known hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or heavy proteinuria as a surrogate marker for chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu) among adults in the North of Peru. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted following the Disadvantaged Populations eGFR Epidemiology (DEGREE) Study protocol. Low eGFR was defined based on a single eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.7m(2) estimated using the CKD-EPI equation. Environmental conditions related to CKDu (i.e., work in agriculture or sugarcane, water source, heat intolerance, and pesticide exposure) were evaluated, in addition to traditional risk factors for CKD (i.e., smoking, heavy drinking, physical activity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis, among others). RESULTS: A total of 1514 subjects were included in the study, mean age 45.1 (SD: 16.4), and 55.2% were females. Overall, only 26 cases (1.7%; 95%CI: 1.1-2.5%) had an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.7m(2) compatible with CKD definition; when those with hypertension and type-2 diabetes or heavy proteinuria were excluded, according to the DEGREE protocol, the estimate fell to 0.9% (95%CI: 0.4-1.5%). Low physical activity levels (OR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.18-3.34), hypertension (OR = 2.07; 1.26-3.41), and urolithiasis (OR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.18-3.27) were factors associated with low eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: A low population-based prevalence of low eGFR (as a surrogate for CKDu), both in rural and urban settings areas, in the Northern Peru, was found. Low physical activity levels, hypertension and urolithiasis were factors associated with low eGFR. Interventions to prevent CKD cases may be focused on well-known CV risk factors and urolithiasis. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher BioMed Central
dc.relation.ispartofseries BMC Nephrology
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject adult en_US
dc.subject Article en_US
dc.subject female en_US
dc.subject human en_US
dc.subject major clinical study en_US
dc.subject male en_US
dc.subject middle aged en_US
dc.subject disease association en_US
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject cross-sectional study en_US
dc.subject hypertension en_US
dc.subject prevalence en_US
dc.subject risk assessment en_US
dc.subject risk factor en_US
dc.subject self report en_US
dc.subject exposure en_US
dc.subject Hypertension en_US
dc.subject agricultural worker en_US
dc.subject Chronic kidney disease en_US
dc.subject chronic kidney disease of unknown cause en_US
dc.subject chronic kidney failure en_US
dc.subject CKDu en_US
dc.subject clinical protocol en_US
dc.subject environmental factor en_US
dc.subject estimated glomerular filtration rate en_US
dc.subject heat intolerance en_US
dc.subject heavy drinking en_US
dc.subject Impaired kidney function en_US
dc.subject non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus en_US
dc.subject Obstructive nephropathy en_US
dc.subject pesticide en_US
dc.subject physical activity en_US
dc.subject rural area en_US
dc.subject smoking en_US
dc.subject urban area en_US
dc.subject urolithiasis en_US
dc.subject water supply en_US
dc.title CKD and CKDu in northern Peru: a cross-sectional analysis under the DEGREE protocol en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-021-02239-8
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.20
dc.relation.issn 1471-2369


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