Associations among Household Animal Ownership, Infrastructure, and Hygiene Characteristics with Source Attribution of Household Fecal Contamination in  Peri-Urban Communities of Iquitos, Peru

Penataro Yori, Pablo; García Bardales, Paul F.; Colston, Josh M.; Kosek, Margaret N.; Pisanic, Nora; Shapiama López, Wagner V.; Schiaffino Salazar, Francesca; Rengifo Trigoso, Dixner; Paredes Olortegui, Maribel; Davis, Meghan F.

dc.contributor.author	Schiaffino Salazar, Francesca
dc.contributor.author	Rengifo Trigoso, Dixner
dc.contributor.author	Colston, Josh M.
dc.contributor.author	Paredes Olortegui, Maribel
dc.contributor.author	Shapiama López, Wagner V.
dc.contributor.author	García Bardales, Paul F.
dc.contributor.author	Pisanic, Nora
dc.contributor.author	Davis, Meghan F.
dc.contributor.author	Penataro Yori, Pablo
dc.contributor.author	Kosek, Margaret N.
dc.date.accessioned	2021-04-13T20:51:01Z
dc.date.available	2021-04-13T20:51:01Z
dc.date.issued	2020
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/9181
dc.description.abstract	Using previously validated microbial source tracking markers, we detected and quantified fecal contamination from avian species and avian exposure, dogs, and humans on household cooking tables and floors. The association among contamination, infrastructure, and socioeconomic covariates was assessed using simple and multiple ordinal logistic regressions. The presence of Campylobacter spp. in surface samples was linked to avian markers. Using molecular methods, animal feces were detected in 75.0% and human feces in 20.2% of 104 households. Floors were more contaminated than tables as detected by the avian marker Av4143, dog marker Bactcan, and human marker Bachum. Wood tables were consistently more contaminated than non-wood surfaces, specifically with the mitochondrial avian markers ND5 and CytB, fecal marker Av4143, and canine marker Bactcan. Final multivariable models with socioeconomic and infrastructure characteristics included as covariates indicate that detection of avian feces and avian exposure was associated with the presence of chickens, maternal age, and length of tenancy, whereas detection of human markers was associated with unimproved water source. Detection of Campylobacter in surface samples was associated with the avian fecal marker Av4143. We highlight the critical need to detect and measure the burden of animal fecal waste when evaluating household water, hygiene, and sanitation interventions, and the possibility of decreasing risk of exposure through the modification of surfaces to permit more effective household disinfection practices. Animals may be a more important source of household fecal contamination than humans in many low-resource settings, although interventions have historically focused almost exclusively on managing human waste.	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
dc.relation.ispartofseries	American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH Journal)
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	human	en_US
dc.subject	Humans	en_US
dc.subject	Peru	en_US
dc.subject	organization and management	en_US
dc.subject	water supply	en_US
dc.subject	animal	en_US
dc.subject	animal husbandry	en_US
dc.subject	Animal Husbandry	en_US
dc.subject	Animals	en_US
dc.subject	chicken	en_US
dc.subject	Chickens	en_US
dc.subject	dog	en_US
dc.subject	Dogs	en_US
dc.subject	environmental microbiology	en_US
dc.subject	Environmental Microbiology	en_US
dc.subject	environmental monitoring	en_US
dc.subject	Environmental Monitoring	en_US
dc.subject	feces	en_US
dc.subject	Feces	en_US
dc.subject	housing	en_US
dc.subject	Housing	en_US
dc.subject	hygiene	en_US
dc.subject	Hygiene	en_US
dc.subject	microbiology	en_US
dc.subject	Ownership	en_US
dc.subject	sanitation	en_US
dc.subject	Sanitation	en_US
dc.subject	Water Microbiology	en_US
dc.subject	water pollution	en_US
dc.subject	Water Pollution	en_US
dc.subject	Water Supply	en_US
dc.subject	*Hygiene	en_US
dc.subject	*Housing	en_US
dc.subject	*Sanitation	en_US
dc.subject	*Animal Husbandry	en_US
dc.subject	*Feces	en_US
dc.subject	Environmental Microbiology/*standards	en_US
dc.title	Associations among Household Animal Ownership, Infrastructure, and Hygiene Characteristics with Source Attribution of Household Fecal Contamination in Peri-Urban Communities of Iquitos, Peru	en_US
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0810
dc.subject.ocde	https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06
dc.relation.issn	1476-1645