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A global perspective on the issue of access to insulin

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dc.contributor.author Beran, David
dc.contributor.author Lazo Porras, María de los Ángeles
dc.contributor.author Mba, Camille M.
dc.contributor.author Mbanya, Jean Claude
dc.date.accessioned 2021-04-13T20:51:03Z
dc.date.available 2021-04-13T20:51:03Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/9223
dc.description.abstract The discovery of insulin in 1921 changed the prognosis for people with type 1 diabetes. A century later, availability and affordability of insulin remain a challenge in many parts of the globe. Using the WHO's framework on understanding the life cycle of medicines, this review details the global and national challenges that affect patients' abilities to access and afford insulin. Current research and development in diabetes has seen some innovations, but none of these have truly been game-changing. Currently, three multinational companies control over 95% of global insulin supply. The inclusion of insulin on the WHO's Prequalification Programme is an opportunity to facilitate entry of new companies into the market. Many governments lack policies on the selection, procurement, supply, pricing and reimbursement of insulin. Moreover, mark-ups in the supply chain also affect the final price to the consumer. Whilst expenses related to diabetes are mostly covered by insurance in high-income countries, many patients from low- and middle-income countries have to pay out of their own pockets. The organisation of diabetes management within the healthcare system also affects patient access to insulin. The challenges affecting access to insulin are complex and require a wide range of solutions. Given that 2021 marks the centenary of the discovery of insulin, there is need for global advocacy to ensure that the benefits of insulin and innovations in diabetes care reach all individuals living with diabetes. en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Springer
dc.relation.ispartofseries Diabetologia
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Review en_US
dc.subject Diabetes mellitus en_US
dc.subject Developing countries en_US
dc.subject Insulin en_US
dc.subject Health services accessibility en_US
dc.title A global perspective on the issue of access to insulin en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/review
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05375-2
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.27
dc.relation.issn 1432-0428


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