Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

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dc.contributor.author Hartinger Peña, Stella Maria
dc.contributor.author Medina-Pizzali, Maria Luisa
dc.contributor.author Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela
dc.contributor.author Larson, Anika J.
dc.contributor.author Pinedo-Bardales, María
dc.contributor.author Verástegui Huasasquiche, Héctor Alfredo
dc.contributor.author Riberos, Maribel
dc.contributor.author Mäusezahl, Daniel
dc.date.accessioned 2021-05-18T21:44:14Z
dc.date.available 2021-05-18T21:44:14Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/9352
dc.description.abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the threat has not been fully identified. Our study aims to describe E. coli AMR in rural communities to expand our knowledge on AMR bacterial contamination. Specifically, we aim to identify and describe potential dissemination routes of AMR-carrying bacteria in humans (children's stools), community water sources (reservoirs and household sources), household environments (yard soil) and domestic animals of subsistence farmers in rural Andean areas. Our cross-sectional study was conducted in rural households in the region of Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 266 samples were collected. Thirty-four point six percent of reservoir water and 45% of household water source samples were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. Of the reservoir water samples, 92.8% were positive for E. coli, and 30.8% displayed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance to tetracycline. E. coli was found in 57.1% of the household water sources, 18.6% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant, and displayed the highest resistance to tetracycline (31.3%). Among samples from the children's drinking water source, 32.5% were positive for thermotolerant coliforms, and 57.1% of them were E. coli. One third of E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (41.6%) and ampicillin (25%). Thermotolerant coliforms were found in all the soil samples, 43.3% of the isolates were positive for E. coli, 34.3% of the E. coli isolates displayed AMR to at least one antibiotic, and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (25.7%). We determined thermotolerant coliforms in 97.5% of the child feces samples; 45.3% of them were E. coli, 15.9% displayed multidrug resistance, and displayed the highest resistance to ampicillin (34.1%). We identified thermotolerant coliforms in 67.5% of the animal feces samples. Of those, 38.7% were E. coli, and 37.7% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. For all the samples, the prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic in the E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates was almost 43% and the prevalence of MDR in the same isolates was nearly 9%, yet the latter nearly doubled (15.9%) in children's stools. Our results provide preliminary evidence for critical pathways and the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental transmission but molecular analysis is needed to track dissemination routes properly en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher MDPI
dc.relation.ispartofseries International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject one health en_US
dc.subject environment en_US
dc.subject E. coli en_US
dc.subject antimicrobial resistance en_US
dc.subject child feces en_US
dc.title Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094604
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.05
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.08
dc.relation.issn 1660-4601


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