Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Availability, Formulation, Labelling, and Price of Low-Sodium Salts Worldwide

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dc.contributor.author Yin, Xuejun
dc.contributor.author Liu, Hueiming
dc.contributor.author Webster, Jacqui
dc.contributor.author Trieu, Kathy
dc.contributor.author Huffman, Mark D.
dc.contributor.author Miranda, J. Jaime
dc.contributor.author Marklund, Matti
dc.contributor.author Wu, Jason H. Y.
dc.contributor.author Cobb, Laura K.
dc.contributor.author Li, Ka Chun
dc.contributor.author Pearson, Sallie-Anne
dc.contributor.author Neal, Bruce
dc.contributor.author Tian, Maoyi
dc.date.accessioned 2021-06-08T15:46:12Z
dc.date.available 2021-06-08T15:46:12Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/9473
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: Regular salt is about 100% sodium chloride (NaCl). Low-sodium salts have reduced sodium chloride content, most commonly through substitution with potassium chloride (KCl). Low-sodium salts have a potential role in reducing population sodium intake level and blood pressure, but its availability in global market was unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the availability, formulation, labelling, and price of low-sodium salts currently available to consumers around the world. METHODS: Low-sodium salts were identified through a systematic literature review, Google search, online shopping sites search, and inquiry of key informants. The keywords of "salt substitute", "low-sodium salt", "potassium salt", "mineral salt", and "sodium reduced salt" in six official languages of the United Nations were used for search. Information about the brand, formula, labelling, and price was extracted and analysed. RESULTS: Eighty-seven low-sodium salts were available in 47 out of 195 countries around the world (24%), including 28 high-income countries, 13 upper-middle-income countries, and six lower-middle-income countries. The proportion of sodium chloride varied from 0% (sodium-free) to 88% (as percent of weight, regular salt is 100% NaCl). Potassium chloride was the most frequent another component with levels ranging from 0% to 100% (potassium chloride salt). Forty-three (49%) had labels advising potential health risk, 33 (38%) labelling the advice of potential health benefits. The median price of low-sodium salts in high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income countries was USD 15.0/kg (IQR: 6.4 to 22.5), USD 2.7/kg (IQR: 1.7 to 5.5) and USD 2.9/kg (IQR: 0.50 to 22.2) respectively. The price of low-sodium salts was between 1.1 and 14.6 times that of regular salts. CONCLUSIONS: Low-sodium salts are not widely available and are commonly more expensive than regular salts. Policies that promote the availability, affordability and labelling of low-sodium salts should enhance appropriate uptake for blood pressure lowering and cardiovascular prevention en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher JMIR Publications
dc.relation.ispartofseries JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject low-sodium salt en_US
dc.subject salt substitute en_US
dc.subject availability en_US
dc.subject formulation en_US
dc.subject labelling en_US
dc.subject price en_US
dc.title Availability, Formulation, Labelling, and Price of Low-Sodium Salts Worldwide en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.2196/27423
dc.subject.ocde https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.05
dc.relation.issn 2369-2960


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