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Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes after Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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dc.contributor.author Quezada-Pinedo, Hugo G.
dc.contributor.author Cassel, Florian
dc.contributor.author Duijts, Liesbeth
dc.contributor.author Muckenthaler, Martina U.
dc.contributor.author Gassmann, Max
dc.contributor.author Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
dc.contributor.author Reiss, Irwin K. M.
dc.contributor.author Vermeulen, Marijn J.
dc.date.accessioned 2021-10-04T23:00:59Z
dc.date.available 2021-10-04T23:00:59Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/9851
dc.description.abstract In pregnancy, iron deficiency and iron overload increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the effects of maternal iron status on long-term child health are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to systematically review and analyze the literature on maternal iron status in pregnancy and long-term outcomes in the offspring after birth. We report a systematic review on maternal iron status during pregnancy in relation to child health outcomes after birth, from database inception until 21 January 2021, with methodological quality rating (Newcastle-Ottawa tool) and random-effect meta-analysis. (PROSPERO, CRD42020162202). The search identified 8139 studies, of which 44 were included, describing 12,7849 mother-child pairs. Heterogeneity amongst the studies was strong. Methodological quality was predominantly moderate to high. Iron status was measured usually late in pregnancy. The majority of studies compared categories based on maternal ferritin, however, definitions of iron deficiency differed across studies. The follow-up period was predominantly limited to infancy. Fifteen studies reported outcomes on child iron status or hemoglobin, 20 on neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the remainder on a variety of other outcomes. In half of the studies, low maternal iron status or iron deficiency was associated with adverse outcomes in children. Meta-analyses showed an association of maternal ferritin with child soluble transferrin receptor concentrations, though child ferritin, transferrin saturation, or hemoglobin values showed no consistent association. Studies on maternal iron status above normal, or iron excess, suggest deleterious effects on infant growth, cognition, and childhood Type 1 diabetes. Maternal iron status in pregnancy was not consistently associated with child iron status after birth. The very heterogeneous set of studies suggests detrimental effects of iron deficiency, and possibly also of overload, on other outcomes including child neurodevelopment. Studies are needed to determine clinically meaningful definitions of iron deficiency and overload in pregnancy en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher MDPI
dc.relation.ispartofseries Nutrients
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject nutrients en_US
dc.subject fetal programming en_US
dc.subject long term outcomes en_US
dc.subject gestation en_US
dc.subject offspring en_US
dc.title Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes after Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/review
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072221
dc.relation.issn 2072-6643


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