Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Sex differences in the incidence, mortality, and fatality of COVID-19 in Peru

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dc.contributor.author Ramírez-Soto, M.C.
dc.contributor.author Arroyo-Hernández, H.
dc.contributor.author Ortega-Cáceres, G.
dc.date.accessioned 2021-10-04T23:01:00Z
dc.date.available 2021-10-04T23:01:00Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/9888
dc.description.abstract Background There is a worrying lack of epidemiological data on the sex differential in COVID-19 infection and death rates between the regions of Peru. Methods Using cases and death data from the national population-based surveillance system of Peru, we estimated incidence, mortality and fatality, stratified by sex, age and geographic distribution (per 100,000 habitants) from March 16 to November 27, 2020. At the same time, we calculated the risk of COVID-19 death. Results During the study period, 961894 cases and 35913 deaths were reported in Peru. Men had a twofold higher risk of COVID-19 death within the overall population of Peru (odds ratio (OR), 2.11; confidence interval (CI) 95%; 2.06-2.16; p<0.00001), as well as 20 regions of Peru, compared to women (p<0.05). There were variations in incidence, mortality and fatality rates stratified by sex, age, and region. The incidence rate was higher among men than among women (3079 vs. 2819 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rate was two times higher in males than in females (153 vs. 68 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rates increased with age, and were high in men 60 years of age or older. The fatality rate was two times higher in men than in women (4.96% vs. 2.41%, respectively), and was high in men 50 years of age or older. Conclusions These findings show the higher incidence, mortality and fatality rates among men than among women from Peru. These rates vary widely by region, and men are at greater risk of COVID-19 death. In addition, the mortality and fatality rates increased with age, and were most predominant in men 50 years of age or older en_US
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Public Library of Science
dc.relation.ispartofseries PLoS ONE
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject adolescent en_US
dc.subject Adolescent en_US
dc.subject adult en_US
dc.subject Adult en_US
dc.subject age en_US
dc.subject age distribution en_US
dc.subject Age Distribution en_US
dc.subject Age Factors en_US
dc.subject aged en_US
dc.subject Aged en_US
dc.subject Aged en_US
dc.subject 80 and over en_US
dc.subject child en_US
dc.subject Child en_US
dc.subject Child en_US
dc.subject Preschool en_US
dc.subject COVID-19 en_US
dc.subject epidemiology en_US
dc.subject female en_US
dc.subject Female en_US
dc.subject health survey en_US
dc.subject human en_US
dc.subject Humans en_US
dc.subject incidence en_US
dc.subject Incidence en_US
dc.subject infant en_US
dc.subject Infant en_US
dc.subject Infant en_US
dc.subject Newborn en_US
dc.subject male en_US
dc.subject Male en_US
dc.subject middle aged en_US
dc.subject Middle Aged en_US
dc.subject mortality en_US
dc.subject newborn en_US
dc.subject odds ratio en_US
dc.subject Odds Ratio en_US
dc.subject Peru en_US
dc.subject Population Surveillance en_US
dc.subject preschool child en_US
dc.subject procedures en_US
dc.subject SARS-CoV-2 en_US
dc.subject Sex Distribution en_US
dc.subject sex factor en_US
dc.subject Sex Factors en_US
dc.subject sex ratio en_US
dc.subject very elderly en_US
dc.subject virology en_US
dc.subject young adult en_US
dc.subject Young Adult en_US
dc.title Sex differences in the incidence, mortality, and fatality of COVID-19 in Peru en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253193
dc.relation.issn 1932-6203


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