El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los niveles de resistencia a los antimicrobianos y clonalidad de Escherichia coli productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) aisladas de tres diferentes orígenes: Clínica humana, carne expendida de mercado y aves silvestres de vida libre de la zona sur de Lima. Se recolectaron 125 muestras (63 muestras clínicas humanas, 21 muestras de carne de mercados y 41 muestras de hisopado cloacal y heces frescas de aves silvestres de vida libre). Se aisló e identifico fenotípicamente un total de 138 E. coli que provenían de muestras clínicas humanas (n= 48, 38.4%), carne de mercado (n=66, 52.8%) y aves de vida libre (n=24, 19.2%). Entre estos la presencia total de E. coli productoras de BLEE fue de 74 cepas con 70.8% (34/48) en aislados clínicos, 54.6% (36/66) en carnes de mercado y 16.7% (4/24) en aves silvestres de vida libre. Los niveles de resistencia para E. coli productoras de BLEE aislados de muestras clínicas humanas fue 88.2% (30/34) para ácido nalidíxico, ciprofloxacino y levofloxacino, 79.4% (27/34) cotrimoxazol, 55.9% (19/34) tobramicina y 14.7% (5/34) colistina. En carne de mercado, el 97% (35/36) para tetraciclinas, 94% (34/36) para ácido nalidíxico, ciprofloxacino y levofloxacino, 86% (31/36) cotrimoxazol, 78% (28/36) tobramicina y 47% (17/36) colistina. En aves silvestres, solo las muestras de heces frescas de Gallinazo Cabeza negra (Coragyps atratus) y Cormorán Neotropical (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) presentaron resistencia al 100% (4/4) ácido nalidíxico, ciprofloxacino y levofloxacino, 50% (2/4) gentamicina, 100% (4/4) para tobramicina, tetraciclina y cotrimoxazol. Se observó un patrón de Multirresistencia (MDR) en los diferentes tipos de muestras. Entre los aislados de E. coli BLEE se reportó con mayor frecuencia la variante CTX-M-55 para los tres orígenes. En humanos y carnes de mercado se detectó la variante CTX-M-15, y, finalmente solo en humanos se detectó la variante CTX-M-27. Además, se detectaron las variantes CTX-M-65 y SHV-27 solo en carne de pollo. No se observó relación clonal entre las E. coli productoras de BLEE del estudio, mostrando una elevada diversidad clonal de los aislados.
The aim of this study was to identify, determinate the levels of antimicrobial resistance and clonality of extended-spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL) in E. coli from three different origins: Human clinic, Market meat and free-living wild birds in the south of Lima. A total of 125 samples were collected, corresponding to 63 humans clinical, 21 market meat and 41 of cloacal swabs and fresh feces from free-living wildbirds. Subsequently, a total of 138 E. coli was isolated and phenotypically identified from human clinical (n=48) market meat (n=66) and free-living wild birds (n=24). Among, the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 74 strains with 70.8% (34/48) in clinical isolates, 54.6% (36/66) in market meat and 16.7% (4/24) in wild birds. The resistance levels for ESBL producing E. coli from clinical isolated was 88.2% (30/34) for nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, 79.4% (27/34) for cotrimoxazole, 55.9% (19/34) for tobramycin, 14.7% (5/34) for colistin. In market meat samples was 97% (35/36) presented resistance to tetracyclines, 94% (34/36) to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, 86% (31/36) cotrimoxazole, 78% (28/36) tobramycin and 47% (17/36) for colistin. Finally, in wild birds only the samples of fresh feces of Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) and Neotropical Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) presented resistance to 100% (4/4) nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, 50% (2/4) gentamicin, 100% (4/4) tobramycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. A Multidrug Resistance (MDR) pattern was observed in the different types of samples. Among the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, the CTX-M-55 variant was reported most frequently reported for the three origins. In humans and market meat, the CTX-M-15 variant was detected, while the CTX-M 27 variant was detected only in humans. In addition, the CTX-M-65 and SHV-27 variants, were detected in chicken meat. No clonal relationship was observed between the ESBL- producing E. coli in the study, showing high clonal diversity of the isolates.