Antecedentes: Los sistemas de instrumentación de níquel-titanio (Ni-Ti) con cinemática reciprocante han ganado amplia aceptación clínica, lo que ha impulsado el desarrollo de diversos sistemas. Objetivo: Comparar la resistencia a la fatiga cíclica y describir las características macroscópicas, microscópicas y de composición de tres sistemas de limas endodónticas reciprocantes de Ni-Ti. Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro con 3 grupos (n=20): Wave One Gold (WOG), Roll Wave Blue (RWB) y TF4. La fatiga cíclica se evaluó con un dispositivo de conductos artificiales curvados y un motor endodóntico reciprocante, registrando el tiempo de fractura (TDF, s) y número de ciclos a fractura (NCF). La descripción de características macroscópicas, mediante fotografía macro, evaluó pitch, distribución y bordes cortantes. La descripción de características microscópicas, mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), observó superficies y secciones transversales. La composición elemental se determinó con espectroscopía de dispersión de rayos X (EDX). Los datos de fatiga cíclica se analizaron con Kruskal-Wallis y post hoc de Dunn (α=0.05).Resultados: RWB presentó la mayor resistencia a la fatiga cíclica, con valores superiores de TDF y NCF. El pitch y su distribución variaron entre los grupos. El SEM evidenció mayor desgaste en TF4. El EDX no mostró diferencias en la composición elemental. Conclusión: Existen diferencias entre los tres sistemas reciprocantes evaluados, siendo que RWB presentó la mayor resistencia a la fatiga cíclica. Además, presentan similar composición química pero diferencias en su desempeño, lo cual podría deberse a variaciones en su diseño, aleación y tratamiento térmico.Background: Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instrumentation systems, specifically those used in reciprocating kinematics, have been widely accepted by clinicians. This has led to the introduction of several systems onto the market. Objective: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and describe characteristics macroscopic, microscopic and compositional characteristics of three Ni-Ti reciprocating endodontic systems. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experimental study was performed with 3 groups (n=20): WaveOne Gold (WOG), Roll Wave Blue (RWB), and TF4. Cyclic fatigue resistance was assessed using a custom device with artificial curved canals and an endodontic motor with reciprocating motion. For this parameter, the fracture time (TDF), in seconds, and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) were evaluated. Macroscopic analysis was performed with macro photography, evaluating the pitch and its distribution along the instrument, and cutting edges. Microscopic analysis was based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess surface and cross-sectional features. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was employed to determine the elemental composition. The data from the cyclic fatigue analysis were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post hoc test (α=0.05).Results: RWB showed the highest resistance to cyclic fatigue, with a higher number of TDF and NCF. The pitch and its distribution were different for all groups. SEM analysis revealed greater wear on TF4 files. EDX analysis showed no differences in elemental composition among the systems Conclusion: There are differences among the three reciprocating systems evaluated, with RWB exhibiting the greatest resistance to cyclic fatigue. Furthermore, they have similar chemical compositions but differ in performance, which could be due to variations in their design, alloy, and heat treatment.