Over the past 20 years, Peru has experienced tremendous growth in biomedical research, evidenced by the number of publications cited in the medical literature. From an in-depth analysis of these publications, we have gained insight into policies and practices that might encourage other countries to reconsider their own investments in research. For the period 1997–2016, we selected all publications from the Web of Science Core Collection Database with at least one Peruvian author or institution, and examined the funding agencies, coauthorship linkages, research topics, and networks of training...