Antecedentes: A nivel mundial, la población con mayor prevalencia dentro de los casos de Near Miss son los que padecieron de preeclampsia y/o eclampsia, siendo además las causantes más comunes de la mortalidad materna. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de Near Miss en pacientes obstétricas con preeclampsia y/o eclampsia hospitalizadas en el departamento de Gineco-Obstetricia y UCI del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en el periodo 2019-2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo observacional. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes obstétricas con diagnóstico de preeclampsia y/o eclampsia entre el 2019 al 2021. Resultados: Se evaluó 251 historias clínicas con preeclampsia y/o eclampsia de las cuales el 97,6% tuvieron como diagnóstico preeclampsia y 2,4% eclampsia. Al evaluar los casos de Near Miss, 18 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios. Asimismo, de estos, se encontró que la edad materna media fue de 30,46 ± 6,69 años; la edad gestacional media fue de 33,69 ± 4,87 semanas; el 88,9% culminó su gestación por cesárea y el 83,3% no tuvo antecedentes previos de trastorno hipertensivo. De estos pacientes, 13 necesitaron ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos con un promedio de estancia de 5,23 ± 5,93 días; además, el mayor porcentaje de diagnóstico de ingreso a UCI fue por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. No se registró muerte materna. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de Near Miss hallada en población con preeclampsia y/o eclampsia fue 7,2%.
Background: Worldwide, the population with the highest prevalence of Near Miss cases are those who suffered from preeclampsia and/or eclampsia, which are also the most common causes of maternal mortality. Objectives: Determine the frequency of Near Miss in obstetric patients with preeclampsia and/or eclampsia hospitalized in the Gynecology-Obstetrics and ICU department of the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital in the period 2019-2021. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational descriptive study. The medical records of obstetric patients with a diagnosis of preeclampsia and/or eclampsia were reviewed from 2019 to 2021. Results: Retrospective observational descriptive study. The medical records of obstetric patients with a diagnosis of preeclampsia and/or eclampsia were reviewed between 2019 and 2021. Results: 251 medical records with preeclampsia and/or eclampsia were evaluated, of which 97.6% had preeclampsia as a diagnosis and 2. 4% eclampsia. When evaluating Near Miss cases, 18 patients met the criteria. Likewise, of these, it was found that the mean maternal age was 30.46 ± 6.69 years; the mean gestational age was 33.69 ± 4.87 weeks; 88.9% completed their pregnancy by cesarean section and 83.3% had no previous history of hypertensive disorder. Of these patients, 13 required admissions to the intensive care unit with an average stay of 5.23 ± 5.93 days; Furthermore, the highest percentage of ICU admission diagnoses was for acute respiratory failure. No maternal death was recorded. Conclusions: The frequency of Near Miss found in the population with preeclampsia and/or eclampsia was 7.2%.
